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<div><div><ul><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/index.html">Main Page</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/ackno.html">Acknowledgments</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/key.html">Highlights From the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap1.html">Chapter 1. Introduction and Methods</a></li><li><a href="nhdr11/chap2.htm">Chapter 2. Effectiveness</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap3.html">Chapter 3. Patient Safety</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap4.html">Chapter 4. Timeliness</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap5.html">Chapter 5. Patient Centeredness</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap6.html">Chapter 6. Care Coordination</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap7.html">Chapter 7. Efficiency</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap8.html">Chapter 8. Health Systems Infrastructure</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html">Chapter 9. Access to Health Care</a></li><li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap10.html">Chapter 10. Priority Populations</a></li><li><strong>Appendixes</strong></li><li>Data Sources</li><li>Detailed Methods</li><li>Measure Specifications</li><li>Data Tables</li></ul></div></div>
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<h1>Chapter 9. Access to Health Care (Text Descriptions)</h1>
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<h2>National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011</h2> <div id="basic-modal"><!-- start: Basic Modal -->
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<br /> <a id="fig91" name="fig91"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.1. People under age 65 with health insurance, by race and income, 1999-2009</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Race</th><th scope="col">1999</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">85.4</td><td align="center">84.6</td><td align="center">85.1</td><td align="center">84.5</td><td align="center">84.0</td><td align="center">83.9</td><td align="center">84.1</td><td align="center">83.3</td><td align="center">83.7</td><td align="center">83.3</td><td align="center">82.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">80.7</td><td align="center">80.5</td><td align="center">81.2</td><td align="center">81.2</td><td align="center">81.6</td><td align="center">82.4</td><td align="center">81.6</td><td align="center">81.9</td><td align="center">83.0</td><td align="center">82.0</td><td align="center">81.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Asian</td><td align="center">83.2</td><td align="center">82.4</td><td align="center">82.7</td><td align="center">82.6</td><td align="center">81.8</td><td align="center">83.5</td><td align="center">82.9</td><td align="center">85.0</td><td align="center">84.6</td><td align="center">86.1</td><td align="center">83.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">NHOPI</td><td align="center">75.6</td><td align="center">72.4</td><td align="center">86.3</td><td align="center">74.9</td><td align="center">88.0</td><td align="center">89.8</td><td align="center">80.4</td><td align="center">80.1</td><td align="center">69.4</td><td align="center">77.4</td><td align="center">73.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">61.8</td><td align="center">61.6</td><td align="center">66.9</td><td align="center">60.9</td><td align="center">65.0</td><td align="center">65.4</td><td align="center">67.8</td><td align="center">62.0</td><td align="center">61.2</td><td align="center">71.6</td><td align="center">67.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">>1 Race</td><td align="center">85.5</td><td align="center">83.2</td><td align="center">83.4</td><td align="center">82.4</td><td align="center">84.0</td><td align="center">87.7</td><td align="center">83.5</td><td align="center">81.6</td><td align="center">85.0</td><td align="center">84.2</td><td align="center">81.8</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">1999</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">66.2</td><td align="center">65.8</td><td align="center">66.9</td><td align="center">69.7</td><td align="center">68.9</td><td align="center">69.0</td><td align="center">69.4</td><td align="center">69.8</td><td align="center">71.6</td><td align="center">71.0</td><td align="center">69.6</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">69.7</td><td align="center">69.0</td><td align="center">70.9</td><td align="center">71.3</td><td align="center">70.2</td><td align="center">71.0</td><td align="center">71.4</td><td align="center">70.4</td><td align="center">70.0</td><td align="center">69.4</td><td align="center">70.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">86.4</td><td align="center">84.6</td><td align="center">85.1</td><td align="center">83.4</td><td align="center">84.4</td><td align="center">84.4</td><td align="center">84.3</td><td align="center">84.5</td><td align="center">83.1</td><td align="center">83.4</td><td align="center">82.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">94.5</td><td align="center">94.1</td><td align="center">93.9</td><td align="center">93.4</td><td align="center">94.4</td><td align="center">94.1</td><td align="center">93.7</td><td align="center">93.5</td><td align="center">94.4</td><td align="center">93.8</td><td align="center">94.2</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 1999-2009.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population under age 65.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> NHIS respondents are asked about health insurance coverage at the time of interview. Respondents are considered insured if they have private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, State Children's Health Insurance Program, a State-sponsored health plan, other government-sponsored health plan, or a military health plan, or if their only coverage is through the Indian Health Service.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig91">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig92" name="fig92"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.2. People under age 65 who were uninsured all year, by ethnicity and income, 2002-2008</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">Non-Hispanic White (percent uninsured all year)</td><td align="center">10.1</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">10.8</td><td align="center">11.8</td><td align="center">11.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Hispanic (percent uninsured all year)</td><td align="center">28.2</td><td align="center">28.0</td><td align="center">28.9</td><td align="center">28.5</td><td align="center">28.6</td><td align="center">29.5</td><td align="center">28.9</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">Poor (percent uninsured all year)</td><td align="center">24.0</td><td align="center">23.9</td><td align="center">25.0</td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center">23.7</td><td align="center">25.2</td><td align="center">27.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Low Income (percent uninsured all year)</td><td align="center">24.9</td><td align="center">24.8</td><td align="center">23.8</td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center">24.5</td><td align="center">26.4</td><td align="center">25.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Middle Income (percent uninsured all year)</td><td align="center">15.3</td><td align="center">12.7</td><td align="center">13.7</td><td align="center">13.9</td><td align="center">15.5</td><td align="center">15.8</td><td align="center">14.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">High Income (percent uninsured all year)</td><td align="center">5.2</td><td align="center">6.3</td><td align="center">6.0</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center">5.7</td><td align="center">6.6</td><td align="center">7.0</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population under age 65.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig92">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig93" name="fig93"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.3. Predicted percentages of adults ages 18-64 who were uninsured all year, by race, age, gender, family income, and education, 2002-2008</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">17.3%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">15.6%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">NHOPI</td><td align="center">7.9%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">20.8%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Ages 18-44</td><td align="center">18.4%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Ages 45-64</td><td align="center">14.6%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Male</td><td align="center">20.2%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Female</td><td align="center">14.1%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">32.0%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">29.8%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">16.5%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">7.4%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row"><High School</td><td align="center">23.9%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">High School Grad</td><td align="center">18.1%</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Any College</td><td align="center">12.6%</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, pooled 2002-2008 Full Year files.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Predicted percentages are predicted marginals from a logistic regression model that includes the covariates race, age, gender, family income, education, health insurance, and residence location. Predicted percentages for Asians, multiple races, and metropolitan areas did not meet criteria for data reliability and are not reported.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig93">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig94" name="fig94"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.4. People under age 65 who were uninsured all year, Hispanic only, California, 2009</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Race / Ethnicity / Income / English Proficiency / Place of Birth</th><th scope="col"><65</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">Hispanic Total</td><td align="center">18.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Non-Hispanic White</td><td align="center">7.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Mexican</td><td align="center">18.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Central American</td><td align="center">26.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">23.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">22.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">13.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">9.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Only</td><td align="center">2.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Well/Very Well</td><td align="center">3.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Not Well/Not At All</td><td align="center">4.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Preferred</td><td align="center">17.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Spanish Preferred</td><td align="center">36.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Born in U.S.</td><td align="center">9.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Not Born in U.S.</td><td align="center">30.4</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Health Policy Research, California Health Interview Survey, 2009.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Hispanic civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 0-64 in California.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Data for Puerto Ricans and South Americans did not meet criteria statistical reliability. The English proficiency of respondents is characterized by the following categories: English Only, English Well/Very Well, and English Not Well/Not at All. The preferred language of respondents is characterized as either English Preferred or Spanish Preferred for Hispanic respondents shown here.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig94">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig95" name="fig95"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.5. People under age 65 who were uninsured all year, Asian only, California, 2009</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Race / Ethnicity / Income / English Proficiency / Place of Birth</th><th scope="col"><65</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">7.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Asian Total</td><td align="center">8.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Chinese</td><td align="center">7.6</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Korean</td><td align="center">23.6</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Vietnamese</td><td align="center">7.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">21.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">22.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">9.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">2.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Only</td><td align="center">6.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Well/Very Well</td><td align="center">8.6</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Not Well/Not At All</td><td align="center">24.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">English Preferred</td><td align="center">7.4</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Vietnamese Preferred</td><td align="center">17.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Korean Preferred</td><td align="center">49.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Born in U.S.</td><td align="center">4.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Not Born in U.S.</td><td align="center">12.0</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Health Policy Research, California Health Interview Survey, 2009.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Asian civilian noninstitutionalized populations ages 0-64 in California.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Data for Filipinos, Japanese people, and South Asians did not meet criteria for statistical reliability. The English proficiency of respondents is characterized by the following categories: English Only, English Well/Very Well, and English Not Well/Not at All. The preferred language of respondents is characterized as English Preferred, Vietnamese Preferred , or Korean Preferred for Asian respondents shown here.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig95">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig96" name="fig96"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.6. People under age 65 whose family's health insurance premium and out-of-pocket medical expenses were more than 10% of total family income, by race, ethnicity, and family income, 2008</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">White</th><th scope="col">Black</th><th scope="col">AI/AN</th><th scope="col">Asian</th><th scope="col">>1 Race</th><th scope="col">Non-Hispanic White</th><th scope="col">Hispanic</th><th scope="col">Poor</th><th scope="col">Low Income</th><th scope="col">Middle Income</th><th scope="col">High Income</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">17.3%</td><td align="center">17.8%</td><td align="center">14.7%</td><td align="center">16.3%</td><td align="center">14.7%</td><td align="center">19.0%</td><td align="center">18.9%</td><td align="center">13.5%</td><td align="center">29.1%</td><td align="center">25.3%</td><td align="center">20.2%</td><td align="center">6.7%</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 65.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> Total financial burden includes premiums and out-of-pocket costs for health care services. Data do not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality, or confidentiality for Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig96">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig97" name="fig97"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.7. People with a specific source of ongoing care, by ethnicity and income, 1999-2009</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">Non-Hispanic White</th><th scope="col">Hispanic</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">1999</td><td align="center">88.4</td><td align="center">77.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2000</td><td align="center">89.4</td><td align="center">75.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2001</td><td align="center">90.4</td><td align="center">76.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2002</td><td align="center">90.2</td><td align="center">76.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2003</td><td align="center">90.3</td><td align="center">78.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2004</td><td align="center">89.2</td><td align="center">75.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2005</td><td align="center">89.4</td><td align="center">76.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2006</td><td align="center">88.8</td><td align="center">74.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2007</td><td align="center">88.5</td><td align="center">77.4</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2008</td><td align="center">88.6</td><td align="center">77.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2009</td><td align="center">87.9</td><td align="center">76.9</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">Poor</th><th scope="col">Low Income</th><th scope="col">Middle Income</th><th scope="col">High Income</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">1999</td><td align="center">77.7</td><td align="center">80.3</td><td align="center">87.5</td><td align="center">91.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2000</td><td align="center">78.9</td><td align="center">80.5</td><td align="center">88.1</td><td align="center">91.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2001</td><td align="center">78.3</td><td align="center">82.0</td><td align="center">88.9</td><td align="center">93.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2002</td><td align="center">79.6</td><td align="center">81.8</td><td align="center">88.5</td><td align="center">92.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2003</td><td align="center">81.1</td><td align="center">82.1</td><td align="center">88.1</td><td align="center">92.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2004</td><td align="center">77.1</td><td align="center">80.9</td><td align="center">87.6</td><td align="center">92.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2005</td><td align="center">78.1</td><td align="center">81.4</td><td align="center">87.2</td><td align="center">92.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2006</td><td align="center">77.8</td><td align="center">79.7</td><td align="center">87.4</td><td align="center">91.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2007</td><td align="center">79.5</td><td align="center">79.8</td><td align="center">86.3</td><td align="center">92.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2008</td><td align="center">77.5</td><td align="center">78.3</td><td align="center">87.0</td><td align="center">92.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2009</td><td align="center">77.5</td><td align="center">80.4</td><td align="center">85.6</td><td align="center">91.7</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 1999-2009.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population of all ages.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> Measure is age adjusted. A hospital emergency room is not included as a specific source of primary care.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig97">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig98" name="fig98"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.8. People with a usual primary care provider, by race and family income, 2002-2008</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Year</th><th scope="col">Total</th><th scope="col">White</th><th scope="col">Black</th><th scope="col">Asian</th><th scope="col">AI/AN</th><th scope="col">>1 Race</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">2002</td><td align="center">77.3</td><td align="center">78.1</td><td align="center">74.9</td><td align="center">69.3</td><td align="center">73.1</td><td align="center">75.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2003</td><td align="center">77.6</td><td align="center">78.5</td><td align="center">73.4</td><td align="center">71.3</td><td align="center">79.0</td><td align="center">78.6</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2004</td><td align="center">77.4</td><td align="center">78.1</td><td align="center">73.3</td><td align="center">75.2</td><td align="center">78.5</td><td align="center">77.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2005</td><td align="center">76.6</td><td align="center">77.5</td><td align="center">71.9</td><td align="center">70.2</td><td align="center">79.3</td><td align="center">77.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2006</td><td align="center">77.6</td><td align="center">78.7</td><td align="center">75.4</td><td align="center">64.7</td><td align="center">80.1</td><td align="center">75.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2007</td><td align="center">76.3</td><td align="center">77.2</td><td align="center">73.3</td><td align="center">69.4</td><td align="center">72.0</td><td align="center">77.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2008</td><td align="center">75.6</td><td align="center">76.3</td><td align="center">72.2</td><td align="center">71.7</td><td align="center">79.7</td><td align="center">77.6</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">Poor</th><th scope="col">Low Income</th><th scope="col">Middle Income</th><th scope="col">High Income</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">2002</td><td align="center">70.4</td><td align="center">71.7</td><td align="center">77.7</td><td align="center">81.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2003</td><td align="center">69.3</td><td align="center">72.7</td><td align="center">78.0</td><td align="center">82.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2004</td><td align="center">72.2</td><td align="center">73.6</td><td align="center">76.8</td><td align="center">81.4</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2005</td><td align="center">70.4</td><td align="center">73.0</td><td align="center">75.7</td><td align="center">81.1</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2006</td><td align="center">72.3</td><td align="center">72.7</td><td align="center">77.0</td><td align="center">82.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2007</td><td align="center">70.5</td><td align="center">71.5</td><td align="center">75.1</td><td align="center">81.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2008</td><td align="center">68.4</td><td align="center">71.4</td><td align="center">75.5</td><td align="center">80.3</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population of all ages.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> A usual primary care provider is defined as the source of care that a person usually goes to for new health problems, preventive health care, and referrals to other health professionals.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig98">Return to Document</a></p><a id="fig99" name="fig99"></a> <h4 class="figcaption">Figure 9.9. People who were unable to get or delayed in getting needed medical care, dental care, or prescription medicines in the last 12 months, by race and income, 2002-2008</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Year</th><th scope="col">White</th><th scope="col">Black</th><th scope="col">Asian</th><th scope="col">AI/AN</th><th scope="col">>1 Race</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">2002</td><td align="center">11.1</td><td align="center">9.8</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center">13.6</td><td align="center">17.6</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2003</td><td align="center">11.0</td><td align="center">11.6</td><td align="center">6.8</td><td align="center">15.9</td><td align="center">16.7</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2004</td><td align="center">11.0</td><td align="center">11.4</td><td align="center">5.0</td><td align="center">14.3</td><td align="center">18.0</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2005</td><td align="center">11.5</td><td align="center">11.1</td><td align="center">7.0</td><td align="center">16.2</td><td align="center">16.3</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2006</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">12.2</td><td align="center">6.4</td><td align="center">16.6</td><td align="center">17.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2007</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">9.3</td><td align="center">5.5</td><td align="center">8.4</td><td align="center">10.9</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2008</td><td align="center">10.6</td><td align="center">9.2</td><td align="center">6.1</td><td align="center">10.2</td><td align="center">12.7</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="80%"><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Year</th><th scope="col">Poor</th><th scope="col">Low Income</th><th scope="col">Middle Income</th><th scope="col">High Income</th></tr><tr><td scope="row">2002</td><td align="center">16.4</td><td align="center">14.0</td><td align="center">10.2</td><td align="center">8.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2003</td><td align="center">16.4</td><td align="center">14.7</td><td align="center">10.9</td><td align="center">7.5</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2004</td><td align="center">16.5</td><td align="center">14.1</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">7.4</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2005</td><td align="center">16.5</td><td align="center">14.7</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">7.8</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2006</td><td align="center">15.4</td><td align="center">14.6</td><td align="center">12.8</td><td align="center">8.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2007</td><td align="center">14.7</td><td align="center">13.2</td><td align="center">9.7</td><td align="center">7.2</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">2008</td><td align="center">14.6</td><td align="center">13.1</td><td align="center">9.3</td><td align="center">8.1</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.<br /><br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population, all ages.<br /><br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better.</p><p class="size2"><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9.html#fig99">Return to Document</a></p> </div>
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<div class="current-as-of">Page last reviewed October 2014</div>
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<div class="citation">
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<span>Internet Citation: Chapter 9. Access to Health Care (Text Descriptions): National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011.
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October 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://archive.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr11/chap9txt.html</span>
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