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<h1>Chapter 2. Quality of Health Care (continued, 6)</h1>
<h2>National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2009</h2> <div id="basic-modal"><!-- start: Basic Modal -->
<br /> <h4>Summary Tables (continued)<a id="tab2-2a" name="tab2-2a"></a> </h4>
<p><strong>Table 2.2a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Safety</strong></p><table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><th align="left" rowspan="2" scope="col">Core Report Measure</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Racial Difference<sup><a href="#note2-2-1a">i</a></sup></th><th scope="col">Ethnic Difference<sup><a href="#note2-2-2a">ii</a></sup></th></tr><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Black</th><th scope="col">Asian</th><th scope="col">NHOPI</th><th scope="col">AI/AN</th><th scope="col">More than 1 Race</th><th scope="col">Hispanic</th></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Health Care-Associated Infections</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Adult surgery patients who received appropriate timing of antibiotics<sup><a href="#note2-2-3a">iii</a></sup></td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Postoperative Complications</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Composite: Adult surgery patients with postoperative complications<sup><a href="#note2-2-3a">iii</a></sup></td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Other Complications of Hospital Care</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Composite: Bloodstream infections or mechanical complications per 1,000 central venous catheter placements<sup><a href="#note2-2-3a">iii</a></sup></td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Deaths per 1,000 discharges following complications of care<sup><a href="#note2-2-4a">iv</a></sup></td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">=</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Complications of Medications</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Adults age 65 and over who received potentially inappropriate prescription medications<sup><a href="#note2-2-5a">v</a></sup></td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">=</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><a id="note2-2-1a" name="note2-2-1a"></a><sup>i</sup> Compared with Whites.<br /> <a id="note2-2-2a" name="note2-2-2a"></a><sup>ii</sup> Compared with non-Hispanic Whites.<br /> <a id="note2-2-3a" name="note2-2-3a"></a><sup>iii</sup> Source: Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System, 2007.<br /> <a id="note2-2-4a" name="note2-2-4a"></a><sup>iv</sup> Source: HCUP State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, 2006. This source categorizes race/ethnicity information as a single item: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian and Pacific Islander. These contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic Whites.<br /> <a id="note2-2-5a" name="note2-2-5a"></a><sup>v</sup> Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006. This source did not collect information on Asians and NHOPIs separately but in aggregate as Asian and Pacific Islander. This source did not collect information for More than 1 Race.</p><p class="size2"><strong>Key:</strong> NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American Indian or Alaska Native.</p><table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="1" summary="layout" width="90%"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Key to Symbols Used in Quality of Health Care Tables:</strong><br /> = Group and comparison group receive about same quality of health care or have similar outcomes.<br /> &#8593; Group receives better quality of health care than the comparison group or has better outcomes.<br /> &#8595; Group receives poorer quality of health care than the comparison group or has worse outcomes.<br /> Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.</td></tr></tbody></table><a id="tab2-3a" name="tab2-3a"></a> <p><strong>Table 2.3a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Timeliness and Patient Centeredness</strong></p><table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><th align="left" rowspan="2" scope="col">Core Report Measure</th><th colspan="5" scope="col">Racial Difference<sup><a href="#note2-3-1a">i</a></sup> </th><th scope="col">Ethnic Difference<sup><a href="#note2-3-2a">ii</a></sup> </th></tr><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Black</th><th scope="col">Asian</th><th scope="col">NHOPI</th><th scope="col">AI/AN</th><th scope="col">More than 1 Race</th><th scope="col">Hispanic</th></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Timeliness</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Adults who sometimes or never got care for illness or injury as soon as wanted<sup><a href="#note2-3-3a">iii</a></sup> </td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Emergency department visits in which patients left without being seen<sup><a href="#note2-3-4a">iv</a></sup> </td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Patient Centeredness</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Composite: Adults who reported poor provider-patient communication<sup><a href="#note2-3-3a">iii</a></sup> </td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Composite: Children whose parents reported poor provider-patient communication<sup><a href="#note2-3-3a">iii</a></sup> </td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">=</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><a id="note2-3-1a" name="note2-3-1a"></a><sup>i</sup> Compared with Whites.<br /> <a id="note2-3-2a" name="note2-3-2a"></a><sup>ii</sup> Compared with non-Hispanic Whites.<br /> <a id="note2-3-3a" name="note2-3-3a"></a><sup>iii</sup> Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006. This source did not collect information for More than 1 Race.<br /> <a id="note2-3-4a" name="note2-3-4a"></a><sup>iv</sup> Source: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey - Emergency Department, 2006-2007. Missing rates preclude analysis by ethnicity.</p><p class="size2"><strong>Key:</strong> NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American Indian or Alaska Native.</p><table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="1" summary="layout" width="90%"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Key to Symbols Used in Quality of Health Care Tables:</strong><br /> = Group and comparison group receive about same quality of health care or have similar outcomes.<br /> &#8593; Group receives better quality of health care than the comparison group or has better outcomes.<br /> &#8595; Group receives poorer quality of health care than the comparison group or has worse outcomes.<br /> Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.</td></tr></tbody></table><a id="tab2-3b" name="tab2-3b"></a> <p><strong>Table 2.3b. Socioeconomic Differences in Timeliness and Patient Centeredness</strong></p><table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><th align="left" rowspan="2" scope="col">Core Report Measure</th><th colspan="3" scope="col">Income Difference<sup><a href="#note2-3-1b">i</a></sup> </th><th colspan="2" scope="col">Educational Difference<sup><a href="#note2-3-2b">ii</a></sup> </th><th scope="col">Insurance Difference<sup><a href="#note2-3-3b">iii</a></sup> </th></tr><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">&lt;100%</th><th scope="col">100-199%</th><th scope="col">200-399%</th><th scope="col">&lt;HS</th><th scope="col">HS Grad</th><th scope="col">Uninsured</th></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Timeliness</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Adults who sometimes or never got care for illness or injury as soon as wanted<sup><a href="#note2-3-4b">iv</a></sup> </td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8593;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Emergency department visits in which patients left without being seen<sup><a href="#note2-3-5b">v</a></sup> </td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" scope="row"><strong>Patient Centeredness</strong></td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Composite: Adults who reported poor provider-patient communication<sup><a href="#note2-3-4b">iv</a></sup> </td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8593;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td></tr><tr><td scope="row">Composite: Children whose parents reported poor provider-patient communication<sup><a href="#note2-3-4b">iv</a></sup> </td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8595;</td><td align="center">&#8593;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td align="center">=</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><a id="note2-3-1b" name="note2-3-1b"></a><sup>i</sup> Compared with persons with family incomes 400% of Federal poverty thresholds or above.<br /> <a id="note2-3-2b" name="note2-3-2b"></a><sup>ii</sup> Compared with persons with any college education.<br /> <a id="note2-3-3b" name="note2-3-3b"></a><sup>iii</sup> Compared with persons under 65 with any private health insurance.<br /> <a id="note2-3-4b" name="note2-3-4b"></a><sup>iv</sup> Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006.<br /> <a id="note2-3-5b" name="note2-3-5b"></a><sup>v</sup> Source: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey - Emergency Department, 2006-2007.</p><p class="size2"><strong>Key:</strong> HS=high school.</p><table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="1" summary="layout" width="90%"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Key to Symbols Used in Quality of Health Care Tables:</strong><br /> = Group and comparison group receive about same quality of health care or have similar outcomes.<br /> &#8593; Group receives better quality of health care than the comparison group or has better outcomes.<br /> &#8595; Group receives poorer quality of health care than the comparison group or has worse outcomes.<br /> Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="size2"><br /> <a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr09/Chap2g.html">Proceed to Next Section</a></p> </div><!-- end: Basic Modal -->
<div class="current-as-of">Current as of March 2010</div>
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<span>Internet Citation: Chapter 2. Quality of Health Care (continued, 6): National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2009.
March 2010. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://archive.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr09/Chap2f.html</span>
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