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<h1 class="page__title title" id="page-title">Chartbook on Patient Safety</h1> <h2>Patient Safety Measures</h2>
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</div>
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<div class="field field-name-ahrq-generic-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><h3><a name="improved" id="improved"> </a>Patient Safety Measures That Improved Quickly or Showed Worsening Quality</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>One Patient Safety measure improved quickly, defined as an average annual rate of change greater than 10% per year:
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<ul>
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<li>Central line-associated bloodstream infection per 1,000 medical and surgical discharges, age 18+ or obstetric admissions.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>One Patient Safety measure showed worsening quality:
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<ul>
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<li>Postoperative physiologic and metabolic derangements per 1,000 elective-surgery discharges, age 18+.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Disparities in Patient Safety Measures</h4>
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<p><strong>Number and percentage of patient safety measures for which members of selected groups experienced better, same, or worse quality of care compared with reference group</strong></p>
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<p><img alt="Bar graph showing number of patient safety measures for which members of selected groups experienced better, same, or worse quality of care compared with reference group. Go to table below for details." src="pts-fig4.jpg"></p>
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<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="90%">
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<tr>
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<th scope="col"> </th>
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<th scope="col"><strong>Poor vs. High Income (n=19)</strong></th>
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<th scope="col"><strong>Black vs. White (n=28)</strong></th>
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<th scope="col"><strong>Asian vs. White (n=24)</strong></th>
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<th scope="col"><strong>Hispanic vs. White (n=26)</strong></th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td scope="row"><strong>Better</strong></td>
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<td align="center">2</td>
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<td align="center">4</td>
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<td align="center">4</td>
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<td align="center">7</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td scope="row"><strong>Same</strong></td>
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<td align="center">10</td>
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<td align="center">15</td>
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<td align="center">12</td>
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<td align="center">17</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td scope="row"><strong>Worse</strong></td>
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<td align="center">7</td>
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<td align="center">9</td>
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<td align="center">8</td>
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<td align="center">2</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> </p>
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<p><strong>Key:</strong> n = number of measures.<br><br />
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<strong>Note: </strong>Poor indicates family income less than the Federal poverty level; High Income indicates family income four times the Federal poverty level or greater. Numbers of measures differ across groups because of sample size limitations. For most measures, data from 2012 are shown. The relative difference between a selected group and its reference group is used to assess disparities.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Better =</strong> Population received better quality of care than reference group. Differences are statistically significant, are equal to or larger than 10%, and favor the selected group.</li>
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<li><strong>Same =</strong> Population and reference group received about the same quality of care. Differences are not statistically significant or are smaller than 10%.</li>
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<li><strong>Worse =</strong> Population received worse quality of care than reference group. Differences are statistically significant, are equal to or larger than 10%, and favor the reference group.</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li>For about one-third of patient safety measures:
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<ul>
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<li>People in poor households received worse care than people in high-income households.</li>
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<li>Blacks and Asians received worse care than Whites.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="elimination" id="elimination"> </a>Patient Safety Measures With Elimination or Widening of Disparities</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Four Patient Safety measures showed elimination of Black-White disparities:
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<ul>
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<li>Mechanical adverse events in patients receiving central venous catheter placement, age 18+.</li>
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<li>Hospital patients with an anticoagulant-related adverse drug event to low-molecular- weight heparin and factor Xa, age 18+.</li>
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<li>Postoperative respiratory failure per 1,000 elective-surgery discharges, age 18+.</li>
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<li>Admissions with iatrogenic pneumothorax per 1,000 discharges, age 18+.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>One Patient Safety measure showed widening of an Asian-White disparity:
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<ul>
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<li>Admissions with iatrogenic pneumothorax per 1,000 discharges, age 18+.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/index.html">Return to Contents</a></p>
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<h3><a name="measures" id="measures"> </a>Measures of Patient Safety</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>In addition to summarizing information on patient safety from the <em>National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report</em>, this chartbook tracks individual measures of patient safety, overall and for populations defined by age, race, ethnicity, income, education, insurance, and number of chronic conditions.</li>
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<li>Measures of Patient Safety are organized by setting and include:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/ps-measures2.html">Hospitals</a>.</li>
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<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/ps-measures3.html">Nursing homes</a>.</li>
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<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/ps-measures4.html">Home health</a>.</li>
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<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/ps-measures5.html">Ambulatory care</a>.</li>
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<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/ps-measures6.html">All settings: Infrastructure</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/index.html">Return to Contents</a></p>
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</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-last-reviewed field-type-datestamp field-label-hidden">
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Page last reviewed <span class="date-display-single" property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2015-04-01T00:00:00-04:00">April 2015</span> <br />Page originally created April 2015 </div>
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Internet Citation: Patient Safety Measures. Content last reviewed April 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. https://archive.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/patientsafety/ps-measures.html<div class="citation-flag"> </div> </div> <!--</div>--> <div class="footnote"> <p> The information on this page is archived and provided for reference purposes only.</p> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>
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