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<p><strong>You Are Here:</strong> <span class="crumb_link"><a href="/" class="crumb_link">AHRQ Archive Home</a> > <a href="/prep/" class="crumb_link">Public Health Preparedness Archive</a> > <a href="." class="crumb_link">Development of Models for Emergency Preparedness</a></span></p>
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<td height="30px"><span class="title"><a name="h1" id="h1"></a>Development of Models for Emergency Preparedness </span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><div id="centerContent"><p><strong>Public Health Emergency Preparedness</strong></p> <div class="headnote">
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<p>This resource was part of AHRQ's Public Health Emergency Preparedness program, which was discontinued on June 30, 2011, in a realignment of Federal efforts.</p>
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<p>This information is for reference purposes only. It was current when produced and may now be outdated. Archive material is no longer maintained, and some links may not work. Persons with disabilities having difficulty accessing this information should contact us at: <a href="https://info.ahrq.gov/">https://info.ahrq.gov</a>. Let us know the nature of the problem, the Web address of what you want, and your contact information. </p>
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<p>Please go to <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/">www.ahrq.gov</a> for current information.</p></div>
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<h3>Table 2. Synopsis
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of Types of Precautions and Patients Requiring the Precautions</h3>
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<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="75%">
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<tr valign="top">
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<td>
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<p><strong>Standard
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Precautions</strong>: Use Standard Precautions, or the equivalent, for the care of all
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patients.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td>
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<p><strong>Airborne Precautions</strong>: In addition to Standard Precautions, use Airborne Precautions
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for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted
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by airborne droplet nuclei. Examples of such illnesses include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Measles</li>
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<li>Varicella (including disseminated zoster)<sup>a</sup> </li>
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<li>Tuberculosis<sup>b</sup></li>
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</ul>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td>
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<p><strong>Droplet Precautions</strong>: In addition to Standard Precautions, use Droplet Precautions for
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patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted
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by large particle droplets. Examples of such illnesses include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li> Invasive <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> disease, including meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis </li>
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<li> Other serious bacterial respiratory infections spread by droplet transmission, including:
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<ul>
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<li>Diphtheria (pharyngeal)</li>
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<li>Mycoplasma pneumonia</li>
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<li>Pertussis</li>
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<li>Invasive <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> type b disease, including meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and sepsis</li>
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<li>Pneumonic plague</li>
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<li>Streptococcal (group A) pharyngitis, pneumonia, or scarlet fever in infants and young children</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>Serious
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viral infections spread by droplet transmission, including:
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<ul>
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<li>Adenovirus<sup>a</sup></li>
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<li>Influenza</li>
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<li>Mumps</li>
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<li>Parvovirus B19</li>
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<li>Rubella</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td>
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<p><strong>Contact Precautions</strong>: In addition to Standard Precautions, use Contact Precautions for
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patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily
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transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items
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in the patient's environment. Examples of such illnesses include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, or wound infections or colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria judged by the infection control program, based on current State, regional, or national recommendations, to be of special clinical and epidemiologic significance</li>
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<li>Enteric infections with a low infectious dose or prolonged environmental survival, including:
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<ul>
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<li><em>Clostridium difficile</em></li>
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<li>For diapered or incontinent patients: enterohemorrhagic <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H7, <em>Shigella</em>, hepatitis A, or rotavirus</li>
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<li>Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, or enteroviral infections in infants and young children</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>Skin infections that are highly contagious or that may occur on dry skin, including:
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<ul>
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<li>Diphtheria (cutaneous)</li>
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<li>Herpes simplex virus (neonatal or mucocutaneous)</li>
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<li>Impetigo</li>
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<li>Major (noncontained) abscesses, cellulitis, or decubiti</li>
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<li>Pediculosis</li>
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<li>Scabies</li>
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<li>Staphylococcal furunculosis in infants and young children</li>
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<li>Zoster (disseminated or in the immunocompromised host)<sup>a</sup></li>
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<li>Viral/hemorrhagic conjunctivitis</li>
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<li>Viral hemorrhagic infections (Ebola, Lassa, or Marburg)<sup>c</sup></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="size2"><a href="devmodel2.htm#Tab2">Return to Document</a></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p> The information on this page is archived and provided for reference purposes only.</p></div>
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