National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2013
Chapter 9: Text Descriptions
Figure 9.1. Electronic health record use in hospitals, by hospital control and hospital type, 2011
| Hospital Type | Fully Implemented | Medication Lists | Drug Decision Support | CPOE of Medications | Pharmaceutical Bar Coding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government Non-Federal | 23.7% | 38.5% | 52.2% | 43.9% | 36.6% |
| Nongovernment Not for Profit | 34.5% | 50.2% | 71.6% | 55.3% | 52.4% |
| Investor Owned For Profit | 15.2% | 22.9% | 40.5% | 25.4% | 33.2% |
| Government Federal | 80.3% | 81.1% | 97.6% | 92.8% | 79.5% |
| General Medical & Surgical | 31.4% | 47.2% | 66.7% | 50.6% | 50.0% |
| Psychiatric | 12.2% | 12.1% | 26.4% | 28.2% | 13.2% |
| Rehabilitation | 18.8% | 20.4% | 27.5% | 28.8% | 29.7% |
| Children's General | 47.3% | 73.6% | 76.6% | 76.9% | 53.1% |
| Acute Long-Term Care | 20.2% | 17.4% | 34.1% | 31.1% | 23.3% |
Key: CPOE = computerized provider order entry.
Source: American Hospital Association, 2011 Annual Survey Information Technology Supplement.
Note: Data were obtained from an average of 3,414 hospitals.
Figure 9.2. Office-based physicians with an electronic health record system, by region, metropolitan status, and specialty, 2012
| Region / Metropolitan Status / Specialty | Percent |
|---|---|
| Total | 71.8 |
| Northeast | 70.2 |
| Midwest | 71.0 |
| South | 68.6 |
| West | 78.9 |
| MSA | 72.0 |
| Non-MSA | 69.5 |
| Primary Care | 74.9 |
| Surgical | 66.5 |
| Medical | 70.7 |
Key: MSA = metropolitan statistical area.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), 2012 NAMCS National Electronic Health Records Survey.
Denominator: Non-federally employed physicians who provide direct patient care in the 50 states and the District of Columbia; excludes radiologists, anesthesiologists, and pathologists.
Figure 9.3. Office-based physicians with a computerized system for ordering prescriptions, by region and specialty, 2009-2012
| Region / Specialty | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast | 42.5% | 53.8% | 64.8% | 81.3% |
| Midwest | 41.1% | 63.5% | 66.9% | 80.3% |
| South | 39.0% | 53.4% | 62.2% | 77.1% |
| West | 49.2% | 61.3% | 66.8% | 80.7% |
| Total | 42.7% | 57.4% | 64.8% | 79.5% |
| Primary Care | 46.0% | 61.4% | 70.0% | 81.4% |
| Surgical | 35.9% | 49.5% | 62.7% | 78.9% |
| Medical | 40.3% | 55.6% | 58.4% | 76.9% |
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2009-2010 NAMCS Core and Electronic Medical Record Supplement and 2011-2012 NAMCS National Electronic Health Records Survey.
Denominator: Non-federally employed physicians who provide direct patient care in the 50 states and the District of Columbia; excludes radiologists, anesthesiologists, and pathologists.
Figure 9.4. Office-based physicians with a computerized system for sending prescriptions electronically to pharmacies, by region and specialty, 2009-2010 and 2012
| Region / Specialty | 2009 | 2010 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast | 33.0% | 45.1% | 76.1% |
| Midwest | 33.2% | 53.7% | 75.6% |
| South | 27.4% | 40.2% | 70.1% |
| West | 40.8% | 48.2% | 73.2% |
| Total | 33.0% | 46.0% | 73.3% |
| Primary Care | 38.4% | 51.3% | 75.7% |
| Surgical Care | 24.4% | 37.9% | 72.9% |
| Medical Care | 28.8% | 42.6% | 69.5% |
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2009-2010 NAMCS Core and Electronic Medical Record Supplement and 2012 NAMCS National Electronic Health Records Survey.
Denominator: Non-federally employed physicians who provide direct patient care in the 50 states and the District of Columbia; excludes radiologists, anesthesiologists, and pathologists.
Note: The 2011 data not available.
Figure 9.5. Office-based physicians with an e-prescribing system with a component for providing warnings of drug interactions or contraindications, by region and specialty, 2009-2010 and 2012
| Region / Specialty | 2009 | 2010 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast | 36.5% | 45.0% | 70.2% |
| Midwest | 36.2% | 54.9% | 68.5% |
| South | 33.7% | 40.7% | 62.2% |
| West | 43.7% | 48.8% | 67.7% |
| Total | 37.3% | 46.6% | 66.5% |
| Primary Care | 40.2% | 52.9% | 71.9% |
| Surgical | 31.4% | 37.4% | 59.6% |
| Medical | 34.7% | 41.9% | 63.0% |
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2009-2010 NAMCS Core and Electronic Medical Record Supplement and 2012 NAMCS National Electronic Health Records Survey.
Denominator: Non-federally employed physicians who provide direct patient care in the 50 states and the District of Columbia; excludes radiologists, anesthesiologists, and pathologists.
Note: The 2011 data not available
Figure 9.6. Rate of nurse practitioners per 100,000 population, by race and ethnicity, 2010-2011
| Year | White | Black | Asian | Total | Non-Hispanic White | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 40.5 | 9.2 | 22.2 | 32.8 | 45.1 | 9.3 |
| 2011 | 37.4 | 14.0 | 26.8 | 31.2 | 42.0 | 7.1 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010-2011.
Figure 9.7. Rate of physician assistants per 100,000 population, by race and ethnicity, 2006-2011
| Year | White | Black | Asian | >1 Race | Total | Non-Hispanic White | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 40.1 | 27.5 | 65.7 | 16.7 | 37.8 | 40.8 | 28.0 |
| 2007 | 40.1 | 24.7 | 47.4 | 15.8 | 36.3 | 42.1 | 20.0 |
| 2008 | 29.3 | 20.3 | 38.9 | 18.2 | 27.2 | 31.4 | 12.9 |
| 2009 | 41.0 | 24.6 | 67.8 | 28.8 | 38.8 | 43.2 | 23.8 |
| 2010 | 43.6 | 21.6 | 52.4 | 33.7 | 39.6 | 46.2 | 23.5 |
| 2011 | 46.5 | 25.6 | 57.4 | 40.7 | 42.7 | 49.1 | 26.6 |
Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2006-2011.
Figure 9.8. Distribution of trauma center utilization for severe injuries in the United States, by sex and area income, 2010
| Sex / Area Income | Trauma Level I & II | Nontrauma |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 64.0% | 29.6% |
| Male | 67.2% | 26.5% |
| Female | 58.2% | 35.1% |
| Quartile 1 (Lowest) | 65.6% | 27.6% |
| Quartile 2 | 63.1% | 28.9% |
| Quartile 3 | 63.9% | 30.2% |
| Quartile 4 (Highest) | 62.1% | 33.5% |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2010.
Figure 9.9. Race, ethnicity, and income of patients receiving care in an HSHC, United States, 2012
| Race / Ethnicity / Income | Percent |
|---|---|
| White | 65.6 |
| Black | 24.2 |
| Asian | 3.5 |
| NHOPI | 1.3 |
| AI/AN | 1.5 |
| > 1 Race | 4.1 |
| Hispanic | 34.4 |
| Non-Hispanic | 65.6 |
| Language Other Than English | 22.9 |
| Income ≤ 100% Poverty Level | 71.9 |
| Income 101-150% Poverty Level | 14.2 |
| Income 151-200% Poverty Level | 6.5 |
| Income > 200% Poverty Level | 7.4 |
Key: AI/AN: American Indian or Alaska Native; NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Uniform Data System, 2012.
Note: Racial groups shown are non-Hispanic. Data were obtained from 1,128 Section 330 grantees. Income shown only includes known income. Income for nearly 23% of patients is unknown.
Figure 9.10. Ethnicity of the patients served by community health centers, Hawaii, 2010
| Ethnicity | Percent |
|---|---|
| NHOPI | 44 |
| Caucasian | 25 |
| Asian | 18 |
| Others | 13 |
Source: Hawaii Primary Care Association, Community health centers in Hawaii, 2010.
Figure 9.11. Medicaid and uninsured discharges, by facility characteristics, U.S. short-term acute hospitals, 2011
| Facility Characteristic | Percent |
|---|---|
| Total | 25.0 |
| <100 Beds | 22.4 |
| 100-299 Beds | 22.8 |
| 300-499 Beds | 25.5 |
| 500+ Beds | 28.5 |
| Government | 35.4 |
| Private Nonprofit | 23.4 |
| Private Investor Owned | 25.0 |
| Teaching | 27.3 |
| Nonteaching | 22.8 |
| Northeast | 23.5 |
| Midwest | 22.7 |
| South | 26.1 |
| West | 26.9 |
| Metropolitan | 25.5 |
| Nonmetroplitan | 24.9 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, HCUPnet, 2011. Available at http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/.
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