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National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2013

Chapter 3: Text Descriptions

Figure 3.1. Absolute differences between percentages of White and Black infants born in 2010 whose mothers had obtained early and adequate prenatal care, by State quartiles

First (worst) Quartile Second Quartile Third Quartile Fourth (best) Quartile Missing
District of Columbia Colorado Florida California Alabama Minnesota
Illinois Kansas Georgia Delaware Alaska Mississippi
Indiana Michigan Maryland Idaho Arizona New Jersey
Iowa Montana Nebraska Kentucky Arkansas North Carolina
Missouri Ohio New Hampshire Nevada Connecticut Rhode Island
North Dakota Pennsylvania New York New Mexico Hawaii Virginia
South Dakota Tennessee Oklahoma Oregon Louisiana West Virginia
Utah Vermont Washington South Carolina Maine Wisconsin
- Wyoming - Texas Massachusetts Puerto Rico

Key: Q = quartile.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, 2010.
Note: Georgia, Maryland, Nevada, and DC were missing information on prenatal care for >15% of records. Go to ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/DVS/natality/UserGuide2010.pdf (PDF File, 1.4 MB).

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Figure 3.2. Children ages 19-35 months who received the 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 vaccine series, by race/ethnicity, 2009-2011

Race / Ethnicity 2009 2010 2011
Total 63.6% 70.2% 68.5%
White 65.3% 70.9% 69.5%
Black 58.5% 66.7% 63.8%
Asian 62.3% 68.4% 65.9%
Hispanic 67.1% 72.0% 69.5%
>1 Race 56.9% 71.1% 70.0%

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics and National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Immunization Survey, 2009-2011.
Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 19-35 months.
Note: White, Black, Asian, and more than one race are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races. Full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine is ≥3 or ≥4 doses depending on brand type.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 72%
 

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Figure 3.3. Children ages 2-17 with a dental visit in the calendar year, by income and race/ethnicity, 2002-2010

Year Poor Low Income Middle Income High Income Total White Black Hispanic
2002 33.0% 35.9% 50.5% 67.2% 49.1% 57.6% 37.0% 33.8%
2003 34.5% 38.0% 52.7% 68.7% 50.9% 59.6% 36.8% 36.7%
2004 36.3% 39.0% 52.6% 69.6% 51.6% 59.0% 38.9% 38.3%
2005 36.4% 39.5% 51.6% 67.2% 50.7% 58.5% 40.1% 38.4%
2006 37.1% 41.6% 53.0% 68.4% 52.2% 59.7% 42.2% 38.6%
2007 39.2% 39.6% 53.9% 66.8% 52.2% 58.6% 41.6% 42.1%
2008 36.9% 40.1% 50.6% 63.9% 49.3% 54.1% 40.3% 42.8%
2009 38.4% 40.9% 53.9% 64.9% 50.9% 57.2% 40.7% 41.9%
2010 38.7% 46.0% 49.9% 64.0% 50.6% 55.9% 44.9% 42.3%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010.
Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.
Note: White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.4. Adolescents ages 13-15 with untreated dental caries, by income level and race/ethnicity, 2009-2010 combined

  Percent
Total 11.4
<100% of FPL 20.2
>100% of FPL 9.4
White 9.4
Black 24.6
Hispanic 11.7

Key: FPL = Federal poverty level.
Source: Dye BA, Li X, Thornton-Evans G. Oral health disparities as determined by selected Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for the United States, 2009-2010. NCHS data brief, no 104. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db104.htm.
Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 13-15.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White and Black are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.5. Children ages 0-17 years with a well-child visit in the last 12 months, by income and race/ethnicity, 2011-2012 combined

Income / Race / Ethnicity Percent
High Income 90.3
Middle Income 85.9
Low Income 81.0
Poor 78.5
White 86.4
Black 84.2
Hispanic 80.7
Other Non-Hispanic 84.7

Source: Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health, National Survey of Children's Health, 2011-2012.
Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 0-17.
Note: White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.6. Adolescents ages 13-15 who ever received at least 1 dose of the meningococcal vaccine, by income and race/ethnicity, 2008-2011

Income Race / Ethnicity 2008 2009 2010 2011
High Income 51.3% 61.8% 71.2% 76.3%
Middle Income 41.3% 50.9% 63.1% 69.2%
Low Income 35.6% 51.7% 60.1% 70.5%
Poor 44.7% 52.6% 62.6% 68.5%
Total 43.9% 54.8% 64.8% 71.5%
White 40.7% 53.4% 63.0% 69.9%
Black 46.7% 53.4% 65.5% 71.0%
Hispanic 50.6% 58.5% 68.2% 76.6%

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics and National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Immunization Survey, 2008-2011.
Note: White, Black, and Asian are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 75%
 

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Figure 3.7. Teens 15-19 years old who received counseling or information from a health care provider about birth control during the last 12 months, by sex and race/ethnicity, 2007-2010 combined

Sex Hispanic White Black
Males 15-17 10.3% 10.7% 22.7%
Females 15-17 9.5% 12.8% 20.7%
Males 18-19 13.6% 19.2% 19.9%
Females 18-19 31.8% 22.1% 23.6%

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Survey of Family Growth, 2007-2010.
Denominator: Teenagers 15-19 years old.
Note: White and Black are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.8. Adult current smokers with a checkup in the last 12 months who received advice from a doctor to quit smoking, by race/ethnicity and sex, 2002-2010

Race / Ethnicity / Sex 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total 63.1% 65.3% 63.1% 63.4% 62.7% 65.1% 64.5% 67.6% 65.7%
White 64.8% 66.4% 64.2% 64.6% 63.0% 65.0% 66.1% 70.5% 66.7%
Black 62.3% 62.2% 61.5% 61.0% 64.8% 67.3% 58.7% 60.5% 60.1%
Hispanic 52.0% 57.2% 55.7% 58.5% 54.2% 56.1% 55.6% 56.6% 67.1%
Male 61.4% 63.0% 59.7% 60.0% 59.7% 64.0% 62.9% 63.3% 62.0%
Female 64.5% 67.2% 65.7% 66.2% 65.1% 66.1% 65.8% 71.3% 68.6%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010.
Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized adult current smokers who had a checkup in the last 12 months.
Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18-44, 45-64, and 65 and over. White and Black are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.9. Adults with obesity who ever received advice from a health provider to exercise more, by race/ethnicity and age, 2002-2010

Race / Ethnicity / Age 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
White 57.5% 59.0% 60.1% 59.7% 58.8% 58.7% 57.8% 59.1% 57.8%
Black 55.8% 56.6% 55.1% 56.3% 56.8% 60.8% 54.7% 58.5% 59.1%
Hispanic 45.9% 49.7% 47.4% 46.5% 50.8% 52.8% 57.2% 59.4% 58.8%
Total 55.6% 57.0% 57.2% 56.7% 57.1% 57.9% 57.4% 59.1% 58.4%
18-44 46.5% 48.8% 47.4% 47.4% 48.7% 50.4% 49.0% 52.0% 52.1%
45-64 66.8% 67.1% 68.6% 67.8% 68.0% 67.1% 69.2% 68.0% 67.0%
65+ 64.6% 64.9% 67.6% 66.0% 64.3% 64.9% 62.6% 65.5% 62.7%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010.
Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized adults age 18 and over with obesity.
Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18-44, 45-64, and 65 and over. Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher. White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.10. Adults with obesity who did not spend half an hour or more in moderate or vigorous physical activity at least three times a week, by race/ethnicity and income, 2002-2010

Race / Ethnicity / Income 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total 54.3% 54.3% 53.0% 52.0% 52.3% 53.3% 53.1% 51.7% 48.8%
White 52.7% 53.2% 53.0% 51.7% 51.7% 52.4% 51.6% 51.1% 47.8%
Black 58.3% 56.2% 51.7% 50.6% 51.7% 50.7% 53.0% 52.1% 48.7%
Hispanic 59.7% 54.3% 54.7% 54.6% 55.1% 57.9% 58.4% 54.1% 52.3%
Poor 60.8% 61.9% 59.6% 60.3% 59.4% 59.7% 57.8% 55.7% 57.5%
Low Income 55.0% 55.1% 58.0% 54.3% 53.7% 57.6% 59.1% 57.4% 53.7%
Middle Income 54.8% 52.8% 51.5% 51.9% 51.7% 52.9% 52.2% 50.8% 49.6%
High Income 51.2% 51.7% 49.4% 48.5% 50.2% 49.7% 48.4% 47.7% 42.7%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010.
Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and over with obesity.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18-44, 45-64, and 65 and over. Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher. White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.11. Children ages 2-17 for whom a health provider gave advice within the past 2 years about exercise, by race/ethnicity and sex, 2002-2010

Race / Ethnicity / Sex 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total 30.0% 29.3% 31.0% 31.9% 34.6% 36.2% 33.5% 34.7% 39.7%
White 30.5% 29.5% 30.1% 32.1% 33.2% 36.8% 32.2% 35.2% 40.6%
Black 30.5% 27.7% 31.5% 31.5% 36.9% 34.7% 34.7% 31.7% 33.7%
Hispanic 30.4% 32.5% 34.2% 34.3% 37.8% 36.0% 36.3% 36.8% 42.3%
Male 29.2% 28.4% 31.2% 31.9% 34.7% 36.0% 34.0% 35.6% 39.1%
Female 30.9% 30.2% 30.8% 31.9% 34.5% 36.4% 33.0% 33.6% 40.3%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010
Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.
Note: Exercise advice includes the amount and kind of exercise, sports or physically active hobbies children should engage in. White and Black are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.12. Adults with obesity who ever received advice from a health provider about eating fewer high fat or high-cholesterol foods, by race/ethnicity and sex, 2002-2010

Race / Ethnicity / Sex 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
White 49.3% 49.7% 49.9% 50.9% 50.1% 50.2% 48.7% 50.4% 49.8%
Black 46.7% 47.4% 44.7% 47.1% 45.8% 51.3% 48.0% 50.3% 54.5%
Hispanic 38.6% 44.3% 41.0% 40.9% 45.7% 48.1% 53.0% 56.7% 53.7%
Total 47.7% 48.3% 47.4% 48.1% 48.5% 50.0% 49.2% 51.3% 51.4%
Male 47.9% 46.9% 46.1% 46.4% 47.5% 48.8% 49.6% 51.4% 50.0%
Female 47.8% 49.6% 48.8% 50.1% 49.7% 51.3% 48.9% 51.3% 52.6%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010.
Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and over with obesity.
Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18-44, 45-64, and 65 and over. Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher. White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.13. Children ages 2-17 for whom a health provider ever gave advice about healthy eating, by race/ethnicity and sex, 2002-2010

Race / Ethnicity / Sex 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total 46.9% 47.5% 48.7% 50.1% 51.4% 52.8% 49.6% 49.5% 55.7%
White 47.2% 48.1% 48.0% 50.7% 50.5% 53.7% 49.0% 49.0% 56.5%
Black 49.3% 47.1% 49.4% 51.7% 54.1% 52.5% 52.6% 50.3% 52.6%
Hispanic 45.5% 48.0% 51.0% 48.9% 52.0% 51.4% 49.7% 51.8% 56.7%
Male 44.9% 45.0% 47.0% 48.6% 50.5% 52.3% 50.1% 50.0% 55.2%
Female 49.0% 50.1% 50.6% 51.6% 52.2% 53.3% 49.2% 49.0% 56.3%

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2010.
Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.
Note: White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.14. Overweight adults, by ethnicity, Hawaii, 2008

Ethnicity Percent
Native Hawaiian 69.6
Caucasian 49.9
Filipino 49.0
Japanese 44.5
Chinese 37.6

Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, 2009. Hawai'i Health Survey 2008. Retrieved from http://health.hawaii.gov/hhs/hawaii-health-survey-2008/.

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Figure 3.15. Adults achieving recommended physical activity levels by ethnicity, Hawaii, 2001-2005

Year State total Native Hawaiian Filipino Japanese Chinese Caucasian
2001-2003 47.4% 46.6% 38.6% 39.2% 42.7% 56.2%
2002-2004 47.5% 49.8% 37.9% 40.2% 44.8% 55.1%
2003-2005 50.8% 54.5% 42.0% 44.3% 44.8% 58.6%

Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, 2009. Physical activity levels. Retrieved from http://www.hhdw.org/cms/uploads/Data Source_ BRFFS/2006 Aggregate Reports/Hysterectomy to Weight Control/BRFSS_Physical Activity_AGG3_00004.PDF (PDF File, 245.55 KB)
 

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Figure 3.16. Adult home health care patients whose ability to walk or move around improved, by race/ethnicity and age, 2011

Age White Black Asian NHOPI AI/AN >1 Race Hispanic
Total 58.2% 53.8% 57.3% 58.4% 53.7% 55.3% 51.1%
0-64 58.9% 55.5% 61.4% 59.4% 54.7% 57.9% 52.7%
65-74 67.1% 57.0% 63.2% 65.9% 59.4% 61.0% 54.1%
75-84 60.0% 53.0% 57.0% 57.3% 52.7% 54.7% 50.7%
85+ 49.2% 46.2% 50.7% 48.8% 45.7% 47.1% 44.5%

Key: NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), 2011.
Denominator: Adult nonmaternity patients completing an episode of skilled home health care and not already performing at the highest level at the start of the episode, according to the OASIS question on ambulation.
2010 Achievable Benchmark: 62.5%
 

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Figure 3.17. Long-stay nursing home residents whose need for help with daily activities increased, by race/ethnicity and age, 2011

 

Age White Black API AI/AN Hispanic
Total 18.6% 17.2% 15.5% 18.0% 17.1%
0-64 13.2% 12.8% 9.8% 12.6% 12.1%
65-74 17.0% 16.4% 14.9% 14.0% 16.7%
75-84 19.0% 19.4% 15.4% 22.1% 18.4%
85+ 20.0% 20.7% 17.5% 23.2% 19.6%

Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Minimum Data Set, 2011. Data are from the third quarter of the calendar year.
Denominator: All long-stay residents in Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing home facilities.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White, Black, API, and AI/AN are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.
2011 Achievable Benchmark: 15%
 

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Figure 3.18. Functional Independence Measure motor scores at admission and discharge, by race/ethnicity, 2011

Race / Ethnicity Admission (mean functional score) Discharge (mean functional score)
White 3.0 5.0
Black 2.9 4.8
Asian 2.9 4.8
NHOPI 2.8 5.0
AI/AN 3.1 4.9
>1 Race 3.0 4.8
Hispanic 2.8 4.8

Key: NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument, 2011.
Denominator: All Medicare patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility for initial rehabilitation and discharged to the community (home, board and care, transitional living, or assisted living).
Note: Functional score ranges from 1 (worst ability) to 7 (full function). FIM motor scores cover locomotion, transfer, self-care, and sphincter control. White, Black, Asian, NHOPI, AI/AN, and >1 race are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.

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Figure 3.19. Adult home health care patients who had less shortness of breath between the start and end of a home health care episode, by race/ethnicity, 2002-2011

Race / Ethnicity 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
White 53.4% 55.2% 57.7% 59.3% 61.3% 61.9% 61.1% 60.9% 63.6% 64.8%
Black 53.3% 55.4% 57.7% 58.9% 59.6% 60.1% 59.6% 59.3% 62.2% 62.4%
Asian 52.7% 58.0% 59.6% 59.2% 61.9% 62.7% 63.0% 61.8% 65.0% 65.5%
NHOPI 54.9% 56.9% 59.2% 61.6% 62.1% 65.0% 62.9% 63.4% 66.4% 67.6%
AI/AN 51.4% 52.4% 54.4% 55.6% 57.5% 58.5% 57.5% 57.6% 60.3% 61.4%
>1 Race 51.6% 54.6% 58.9% 59.5% 60.6% 59.0% 60.5% 58.4% 60.6% 63.7%
Hispanic 51.3% 52.9% 55.0% 55.4% 56.5% 55.5% 54.3% 52.6% 50.1% 48.4%

Key: NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), 2002-2011.
Denominator: Adult nonmaternity patients completing an episode of skilled home health care.
Note: Starting January 1, 2010, the patient assessment instrument for home health agencies was changed to OASIS-C. Because dyspnea improvement is measured similarly in both the previous and current versions of the assessment instrument, we are presenting 2002 through 2010 trend data. White, Black, Asian, NHOPI, AI/AN, and >1 race are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 68%
 

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Figure 3.20. Long-stay nursing home residents who have moderate to severe pain, by age and race/ethnicity, 2011

Age White Black API AI/AN Hispanic
Total 15.8% 11.0% 6.2% 20.4% 10.2%
0-64 26.2% 15.4% 10.8% 29.2% 16.1%
65-74 22.0% 11.3% 7.6% 22.3% 11.8%
75-84 16.4% 9.3% 6.2% 15.6% 8.8%
85+ 11.4% 7.3% 4.2% 13.2% 6.3%

Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Minimum Data Set, 2011. Data are from the third quarter of the calendar year.
Denominator: All long-stay residents in Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing home facilities.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White, Black, API, and AI/AN are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.
2011 Achievable Benchmark: 8.1%

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Figure 3.21. Hospice patients age 18 and over who did NOT receive the right amount of help for feelings of anxiety or sadness, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2012

 

Race / Ethnicity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
White 8.9% 8.5% 8.7% 9.0% 8.6%
Black 14.0% 14.9% 14.2% 14.0% 15.7%
API 19.0% 20.5% 20.6% 23.6% 18.6%
AI/AN 15.0% 11.5% 13.6% 15.8% 13.7%
Total 9.7% 9.4% 9.5% 9.8% 9.4%
Non-Hispanic White 8.8% 8.4% 8.7% 8.9% 8.5%
Hispanic 14.7% 14.4% 13.2% 14.3% 13.0%

Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Family Evaluation of Hospice Care, 2008-2012.
Denominator: Adult hospice patients.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 11%

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Figure 3.22. Hospice patients age 18 and over whose family caregivers wanted more information about what to expect while the patient was dying, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2012

Race / Ethnicity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
White 14.7% 14.4% 14.3% 14.8% 14.5%
Black 15.7% 16.1% 15.7% 16.4% 16.4%
API 21.2% 23.5% 22.6% 22.1% 20.6%
AI/AN 17.8% 17.3% 16.1% 16.2% 17.2%
Total 15.3% 15.0% 14.9% 15.3% 15.0%
Non-Hispanic White 14.5% 14.3% 14.2% 14.7% 14.4%
Hispanic 19.0% 18.5% 17.6% 18.7% 18.0%

Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Family Evaluation of Hospice Care, 2008-2012.
Denominator: Adult hospice patients.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 11%
 

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Figure 3.23. Hospice patients age 18 and over who did NOT receive care consistent with their stated end-of-life wishes, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2012

Race / Ethnicity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
White 5.4% 5.0% 5.2% 4.8% 4.7%
Black 12.4% 10.9% 10.1% 11.0% 10.7%
API 12.9% 17.0% 14.4% 13.9% 14.1%
AI/AN 9.8% 10.1% 9.4% 11.5% 10.5%
Total 5.8% 5.4% 5.6% 5.4% 5.2%
Non-Hispanic White 5.3% 4.9% 5.2% 5.1% 4.5%
Hispanic 11.2% 10.2% 11.0% 10.6% 10.5%

Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Family Evaluation of Hospice Care, 2008-2012.
Denominator: Adult hospice patients.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 3.5%

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Page last reviewed May 2014
Page originally created May 2014
Internet Citation: Chapter 3: Text Descriptions. Content last reviewed May 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. https://archive.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr13/chap3-txt.html

 

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