Figure 6.1. Hospitalized adult patients with heart failure who were given complete written discharge instructions, by race/ethnicity, 2005-2009
| Race / Ethnicity | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
|---|
| White (percent) | 58.6 | 69.5 | 76.6 | 82.2 | 86.3 |
| Black (percent) | 56.7 | 68.1 | 75.8 | 81.7 | 86.4 |
| Hispanic (percent) | 53.0 | 65.6 | 72.6 | 81.8 | 88.2 |
| AI/AN (percent) | 48.2 | 59.7 | 65.0 | 69.8 | 76.3 |
| Asian (percent) | 49.1 | 61.5 | 74.6 | 83.7 | 87.1 |
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Quality Improvement Organization Program, 2005-2009.
Denominator: Hospitalized adult patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of heart failure.
Note: Complete written discharge instructions needed to address all of the following: activity level, diet, discharge medications, followup appointment, weight monitoring, and actions to take if symptoms worsen.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 88%.
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Figure 6.2. Patients who reported that they always received test results, commercially insured adults ages 18 and over in primary care practices, by race/ethnicity and education, Massachusetts, 2007 and 2009
| Race / Ethnicity | 2007 | 2009 |
|---|
| White (percent) | 69 | 70 |
| Black (percent) | 63 | 65 |
| Hispanic (percent) | 59 | 58 |
| Asian (percent) | 53 | 53 |
| Education | 2007 | 2009 |
|---|
| Total (percent) | 68 | 69 |
| <High School (percent) | 64 | 67 |
| High School Grad (percent) | 68 | 69 |
| Any College (percent) | 69 | 68 |
Source: Massachusetts Health Quality Partners, Patient Experience Survey, 2007 and 2009.
Note: Respondents limited to patients who received a test in the past year.
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Figure 6.3. Parents of patients who reported that they always received test results, commercially insured children under age 18 in primary care practices, by race/ethnicity and parent's education, Massachusetts, 2007 and 2009
| Race / Ethnicity | 2007 | 2009 |
|---|
| White (percent) | 71 | 73 |
| Black (percent) | 59 | 64 |
| Hispanic (percent) | 65 | 61 |
| Asian (percent) | 56 | 51 |
| Parents' Education | 2007 | 2009 |
|---|
| Total (percent) | 69 | 70 |
| <High School (percent) | 47 | 58 |
| High School Grad (percent) | 70 | 69 |
| Any College (percent) | 70 | 70 |
Source: Massachusetts Health Quality Partners, Patient Experience Survey, 2007 and 2009.
Note: White, Black, and Asian populations are non-Hispanic. Respondents limited to patients who received a test in the past year. Education refers to the parents. Data were insufficient for this analysis for American Indians and Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders.
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Figure 6.4. Rehospitalization for congestive heart failure, by race/ethnicity and State, 12 States, 2008
| State | White | Black | API | Hispanic |
|---|
| All States | 20.9% | 23.1% | 20.7% | 22.6% |
| State A | 13.9% | - | - | 17.3% |
| State B | 17.6% | - | - | - |
| State C | 18.5% | 19.1% | - | - |
| State D | 18.1% | - | 19.3% | - |
| State E | 20.4% | 21.0% | 12.9% | 17.7% |
| State F | 20.5% | 24.8% | 20.3% | 21.2% |
| State G | 21.3% | 22.2% | - | 22.5% |
| State H | 20.8% | 23.6% | 21.1% | 22.5% |
| State I | 21.5% | 22.1% | - | - |
| State J | 20.7% | 25.9% | - | 17.1% |
| State K | 21.7% | 23.8% | 25.4% | 26.1% |
| State L | 22.4% | 26.0% | 21.6% | 26.9% |
Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, 2008.
Denominator: Patients hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
Note: Some States had insufficient data for this analysis for Blacks, APIs, and Hispanics.
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Figure 6.5. People with a usual source of care whose health provider usually asks about prescription medications and treatments from other doctors, by race and activity limitations, United States, 2002-2008
| Race | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|
| White (percent) | 75.3 | 75.9 | 78.1 | 78.1 | 79.4 | 80.0 | 80.6 |
| Black (percent) | 77.5 | 79.5 | 76.9 | 75.7 | 78.2 | 83.0 | 83.3 |
| Asian (percent) | 67.5 | 74.2 | 76.0 | 78.5 | 74.2 | 76.3 | 73.6 |
| NHOPI (percent) | - | - | 79.3 | 86.4 | - | - | - |
| AI/AN (percent) | 71.0 | 80.9 | 77.4 | 75.7 | 82.2 | 76.9 | 75.0 |
| > 1 Race (percent) | 73.5 | 76.6 | 75.5 | 72.2 | 76.8 | 77.7 | 74.7 |
| Activity Limitations | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|
| Basic (percent) | 74.5 | 78.9 | 78.9 | 79.5 | 79.2 | 82.1 | 80.3 |
| Complex (percent) | 75.9 | 79.2 | 80.5 | 81.0 | 81.0 | 81.8 | 80.8 |
| Neither Basic nor Complex (percent) | 77.2 | 77.6 | 79.7 | 78.8 | 80.4 | 81.4 | 82.3 |
Key: AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native, NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.
Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population who report a usual source of care.
Note: Data for NHOPIs were insufficient for analysis except in 2004 and 2005.
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Figure 6.6. Hospitals with electronic exchange of patient information on medication history, by teaching status and ownership, 2009
| Location | Hospitals in System | Hospitals Outside System | Ambulatory Providers Outside System |
|---|
| Northeast | 72.7 | 15.6 | 29.2 |
| Midwest | 72.9 | 14.3 | 32.2 |
| South | 71.4 | 10.8 | 25.4 |
| West | 73.8 | 15.0 | 24.9 |
| MSA | 78.8 | 13.3 | 29.6 |
| Non-MSA | 63.2 | 13.5 | 26.2 |
Source: American Hospital Association Annual Survey Information Technology Supplement, 2009.
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Figure 6.7. Potentially avoidable emergency department encounters for asthma, among adults, by income and by geographic location, and among children, by income and by geographic location, 2008
| Income Quartile | Adults, ED Visit Plus Hospitalization | Adults, ED Visit No Hospitalization |
|---|
| Total (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 106.8 | 406.5 |
| First Quartile (Lowest Income) (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 168.6 | 614.1 |
| Second Quartile (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 108.6 | 452.2 |
| Third Quartile (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 86.5 | 330.4 |
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Income) (rate per 100,000) | 70.4 | 239.2 |
| Income Quartile | Children, ED Visit Plus Hospitalization | Children, ED Visit No Hospitalization |
|---|
| Total (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 98.3 | 778.2 |
| First Quartile (Lowest Income) (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 143.7 | 1136.2 |
| Second Quartile (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 101.0 | 810.9 |
| Third Quartile (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 80.4 | 675.8 |
| Fourth Quartile (Highest Income) (rate per 100,000 pop.) | 63.5 | 459.8 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2008.
Denominator: U.S. population.
Note: Annual rates are adjusted for age and gender.
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