Development of Models for Emergency Preparedness: Personal Protective Equipment, Decontamination, Isolation/Quarantine, and Laboratory Capacity (continued)

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Development of Models for Emergency Preparedness

Public Health Emergency Preparedness

This resource was part of AHRQ's Public Health Emergency Preparedness program, which was discontinued on June 30, 2011, in a realignment of Federal efforts.

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Chapter 1, Appendix A. Subject Matter Interview Questions and Experts

The Science Applications International Corporation team interviewed Federal, State, and local subject-matter experts representing a broad spectrum of regulatory, professional, government, and private agencies and organizations. The goal was to summarize current evidence-based, best demonstrated practices relating to preparedness for health-care professionals in the topics of personal protective equipment, decontamination, isolation/quarantine, and laboratory capacity. The interview questions for each report topic and the subject matter experts interviewed are below.

Personal Protective Equipment

Interview Questions

What is the appropriate PPE for a bioterrorism event? What is the appropriate PPE for a chemical event? What is the appropriate PPE for a radiological event? Please answer these questions as they pertain to a medical facility and for EMS in the field, and for infectious events, as well as contamination events necessitating the performance of decontamination?
Is there any new or recent research that you know of that would assist healthcare professionals in choosing appropriate PPE for an infectious agent or a contaminant?
Would you recommend flexible levels of PPE, for the healthcare professional to choose from, based on patient symptoms, positive pathogen or agent identification and immune status (i.e., past hx of chickenpox), or do you recommend a "prescriptive" approach, such as full standard precautions for an infectious pathogen and Level B or C for a chemical contaminant?
What is the financial impact of maintaining flexible levels of PPE available?
What are the current barriers for healthcare professionals in utilizing/having the appropriate PPE for a biological, radiological or chemical event, manmade or naturally occurring?
What types of research and development needs to be done to enable healthcare professionals to utilize appropriate PPE?
Is there anything else you would like to add?

Subject Matter Experts

Knox Andress, RN
WMD Response Coordinator
CHRISTUS Schumpert Health System
Emergency Nurses Association
Emergency Preparedness Committee Chair 2004
One Saint Mary Place
Shreveport, LA 71101
Phone: (318) 681-4255
knox.andress@christushealth.org

Jim Bentley, PhD
Senior Vice President, Strategic Policy Planning
American Hospital Association
325 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 626-2273/4631
Fax: (202) 626-4630
jbentley@aha.org

Chief Robert Brown
Chief of Staff, Boone County Fire and Rescue
2201 I-70 Drive NW
Columbia, MO 65201
Phone: (573) 447-5000
rbrown@bcfdmo.com

CDR Duane Caneva, MD, MC, U.S.NR
Head, Medical Plans and Policy
Navy Medicine Office of Homeland Security
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
2300 E. Street, NW
Washington, DC 20372
Phone: (202) 762-3338
dccaneva@us.med.navy.mil

Steve Cantrill, MD, FACEP
Associate Director of Emergency Medical Services
Denver Health Medical Center
777 Bannock Street
Denver, CO 80014
Phone: (303) 436-8100
steve.cantrill@dhha.org

Kathy Dolan, RN
Risk Manager, Safety and Disaster Coordinator
Mercy Medical Center
Directory, Emergency & Trauma Services
Emergency Department & Area Ambulance
701 10th Street, SE
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403
Phone: (319) 369-4590
kdolan@mercycare.org

Edward Eitzen, MD, MPH
Senior Medical Advisor
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Health
Emergency Preparedness
Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Avenue S.W., Room 636G
Washington, DC 20201
Phone: (202) 690-5545
edward.eitzen@hhs.gov

Zachary Goldfarb, BS, CEM, EMT-P
Deputy Chief, FDNY-EMS (Ret.)
Consultant
Incident Management Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 634
North Bellmore, NY 11710
Phone: (516) 521-5467
zgold-nyc@att.net

Michael Hodgson, MD, MPH
Director, Occupational Health Program
VHA (136)
810 Vermont Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20420

David J. Ippolito
Director, Office of Science and Technology Assessment
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
200 Constitution Ave, NW
Room, N3655
Washington, D.C. 20210
Phone: (202) 693-2334
ippolito.david@dol.gov

Dennis L. Jones, RN, BSN
State Hospital Community Preparedness Coordinator
Georgia Division of Public Health
2 Peachtree St NW Suite 12-413
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: (404) 463-0432

Robin Koons, PhD
Director, Hospital Preparedness Program
Bioterrorism and Emergency Preparedness Section
Disease Control & Environmental Epidemiology Division
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, Colorado 80246
robin.koons@state.co.us

Paul Maniscalco, MPA, EMT-P
Director, Emergency Services Management Program
George Washington University
Past President, National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians
Former Deputy Chief/Paramedic for the City of New York
47072 Stillwood Place
Potomac Falls, VA 20165
Phone: (973) 568-4293
paulm@gwu.edu

James Howard Murphy, MBA, CEM, EMT-P
Senior Consequence Management Medical Support Officer
U.S. Army Reserve Unit—CM, Aberdeen Proving Ground
Senior Program Manager
Science Applications International Corporation
124 Wycombe Drive
Anderson, SC 29621-3644
Phone: (864) 261-3670
james.h.murphy@saic.com

Lewis Rubinson, MD
Fellow Center for Biosecurity of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Johns Hopkins University
111 Market Street, Suite 830
Baltimore, MD 21202
Phone: (443) 573-3309
Fax: (443) 573-3305
lrubinso@jhmi.edu

George Ruby, MD
Medical Officer, Office of Occupational Medicine
Directorate of Technical Support
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
200 Constitution Ave, NW, Room N 3457
Washington, D.C. 20210
Phone: (202) 693-2323
Fax: (202) 693-1647
george.ruby@osha.gov

Dean Samet
Associate Director/Senior Engineer
Accreditation Operations, Standards Interpretation Group
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
One Renaissance Blvd.
Oakbrook Terrace, Ill. 60181
Phone: (630) 792-5759
dsamet@jcaho.org

Fran Santagata, MS
Domestic Preparedness Officer, Office of Domestic Preparedness
Department of Homeland Security
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
Phone: (202) 230-9376
Fax: (202) 514-5566
fran.santagata@dhs.gov

Roslyne Schulman
Senior Associate Director, Policy Development
American Hospital Association
325 7th Street NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 626-2273
rschulman@aha.org

John Sinclair, Deputy Chief (ret.)
Chair, International Association of Fire Chiefs, EMS Section
10202 64th Ave. CT. E.
Puyallup, WA 98373
Phone: (253) 845-2420
JDS606@aol.com

Robert D. Stephan
Battalion Chief, Department of Fire & Rescue Service, Montgomery County
9713 Fairway Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20901
Phone: (301) 332-5254
ksstephan@lerchearly.com

Martin A. Stolmack
Senior Program Analyst
Homeland Security Support Operations
Science Applications International Corporation
8301 Greensboro Drive, MS E-1-6
McLean, VA 22102
Phone: (703) 676-2795
martin.stolmack@saic.com

Bettina Stopford, RN
Emergency Nurses Association
National Emergency Preparedness Workgroup Member
Chief Nursing Officer (past), U.S. Public Health Service, Central U.S. NMRT:WMD
Director, Public Health and Medical Emergency Preparedness
Science Applications International Corporation
Justice and Security Solutions Business Unit
8301 Greensboro Drive, MS E-1-6
McLean, VA 22102
Phone: (703) 676-6348
stopfordb@saic.com

Denny Thomas
American Society for Healthcare Risk Management
Director of Risk Management, Ministry of Healthcare
St. Josephs Hospital
611 St. Josephs Place
Marshfield, WI 54449
Phone: (715) 387-7366
thomasd@stjosephs-marshfield.org

Robert A. Wise, MD
Vice President, Division of Standards & Survey Methods
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
1 Renaissance Blvd
Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181
Phone: (630) 792-5890
rwise@jcaho.org

Dale Woodin, CHFM
Deputy Executive Director, American Society for Healthcare Engineering
One North Franklin
Chicago, IL 60606
Phone: (312) 422-3812
dwoodin@aha.org

Decontamination

Interview Questions

What are some best practices for mass casualty decontamination?
How can throughput be maximized?
What are the elements of detailed/technical decontamination that healthcare professionals should strive for?
What are the cost and regulatory impacts of mass casualty decontamination?
What type or level of training should healthcare professionals engaged in patient decontamination have?
What research and development is needed for mass casualty decontamination?

Subject Matter Experts

Jim Bentley, PhD
Senior Vice President, Strategic Policy Planning
American Hospital Association
325 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 626-2273/4631
(202) 626-4630
jbentley@aha.org

Chief Robert Brown
Chief of Staff, Boone County Fire and Rescue
2201 I-70 Drive NW
Columbia, MO 65201
Phone: (573) 447-5000
rbrown@bcfdmo.com

Steve Cantrill, MD, FACEP
Associate Director of Emergency Medical Services
Denver Health Medical Center
777 Bannock Street
Denver, CO 80014
Phone: (303) 436-8100
steve.cantrill@dhha.org

Kathy Dolan, RN
Risk Manager, Safety and Disaster Coordinator
Mercy Medical Center
Directory, Emergency & Trauma Services
Emergency Department & Area Ambulance
701 10^th Street, SE
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403
Phone: (319) 369-4590
kdolan@mercycare.org

Edward Eitzen, MD, MPH
Senior Medical Advisor, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Health
Emergency Preparedness
Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Avenue S.W., Room 636G
Washington, DC 20201
Phone: (202) 690-5545
edward.eitzen@hhs.gov

Zachary Goldfarb, BS, CEM, EMT-P
Deputy Chief, FDNY-EMS (Ret.)
Consultant
Incident Management Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 634
North Bellmore, NY 11710
Phone: (516) 521-5467
zgold-nyc@att.net

Murray Hamilton, PhD
Director, Rocky Mountain Center for Homeland Defense
University of Denver
Denver Research Institute
2050 East Iliff Ave.
Denver, CO 80208
mhamilton@du.edu

Michael Hodgson, MD, MPH
Director, Occupational Health Program
VHA (136)
810 Vermont Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20420
muh7@mail.va.gov

Dennis L. Jones, RN, BSN
State Hospital Community Preparedness Coordinator
Georgia Division of Public Health
2 Peachtree St NW Suite 12-413
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: (404) 463-0432

Paul Maniscalco, MPA, EMT-P
Past President, National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians
Assistant Professor, George Washington University
Former Deputy Chief/Paramedic for the City of New York
47072 Stillwood Place
Potomac Falls, VA 20165
Phone: (973)568-4293
paulm@gwu.edu

J. Howard Murphy, CEM, EMT-P
Senior Consequence Management Medical Support Officer
U.S. Army Reserve —CM, Aberdeen Proving Ground
Senior Program Manager
Science Applications International Corporation
124 Wycombe Drive
Anderson, SC 29621-3644
Phone: (864) 261-3670
james.h.murphy@saic.com

Lewis Rubinson, MD
Fellow, Center for Biosecurity of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Johns Hopkins University
111 Market Street, Suite 830
Baltimore, MD 21202
Phone: (443) 573-3309
lrubinso@jhmi.edu

Roslyne Schulman
Senior Associate Director, Policy Development
American Hospital Association
325 7th Street NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 626-2273
rschulman@aha.org

Robert D. Stephan
Battalion Chief, Department of Fire & Rescue Service, Montgomery County
9713 Fairway Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20901
Phone: (301) 332-5254
ksstephan@lerchearly.com

Bettina Stopford, RN
Emergency Nurses Association
National Emergency Preparedness Workgroup Member
Chief Nursing Officer (past), U.S. Public Health Service
Central U.S. National Medical Response Team: Weapons of Mass Destruction
Director, Public Health and Medical Emergency Preparedness
Science Applications International Corporation
Justice and Security Solutions Group
8301 Greensboro Drive, MS E-1-6
Phone: (703) 676-6348
stopfordb@saic.com

Robert A. Wise, M.D.
Vice President, Division of Standards & Survey Methods
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
Phone: (630) 792-5890
rwise@jcaho.org

Dale Woodin, CHFM
Deputy Executive Director
American Society for Healthcare Engineering
One North Franklin
Chicago, IL 60606
Phone: (312) 422-3812
dwoodin@aha.org

Isolation/Quarantine

Interview Questions

What provisions have been enacted in your jurisdiction or in other communities of which you are aware that would assist in the coordination of reporting suspected disease events and contact information to local or state public health departments 24 hours a day, 7 days a week? What technological equipment or advances would you suggest be utilized or created?
There have been discussions among the hospital community that during a biological incident, hospitals should be reserved for persons who do not have the virulent agent and such persons should be assessed and treated in off-campus isolation units. However, until technological advances allow for immediate triage and diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism agents, patients infected with bioterrorism agents or emerging infectious diseases will present to hospitals and health care providers with early forms of transmissible diseases. What principles should be implemented or models would you recommend regarding the use of off-campus isolation units that would minimize contamination of health care facilities both before and during a biological exposure event?
What should be an equitable provision for remediation, decontamination, or clean-up of a public or private facility that has had patients isolated/quarantined in it who have been infected with an agent such as SARS or other communicable diseases after the disease situation has passed? What agencies need to be involved?
The monitoring of thousands of infectious disease case contacts that were under quarantines during the Toronto and Hong Kong SARS outbreaks required many hours of telephone and personal contact by a core of public health staff. What pre-emptive, pre-event training capacities can be pursued now to increase the local level surveillance capacity of public health department and/or hospital staff?
What legal protections/provisions are you aware of that maintain not only continuity of life operations (income protection, care of family members, etc.) for persons involved in voluntary or mandatory home/work or full-fledged quarantine but for resumption of employment after the quarantine is completed? What regulatory provisions would assist in this process or need to be developed to assist in this process?
During the anthrax incidents of October 2001 and the SARS epidemics in 2002/2003 there was an attrition of workers out of and away from the workforces that were exposed to these events. Some workers requested transfers out of the affected facilities to other types of occupations, some left that particular line of work altogether, and some health care workers refused to treat infected patients. What provisions need to be established to a) address the mental and physical protection issues of health care workers for their own health during infectious disease situations and b) to support the maintenance of a viable health care workforce during times of surge needs? Would the provision of "incentive pay" for treating certain types of infected patients create a perception that treating certain illnesses is more financially lucrative than treating others? If so, who should pay for the incentives for the workers?
What provisions should be in place to actually enforce community isolation or quarantine, above and beyond after the health officer orders such to occur? How specifically should law enforcement act to carry out the order, including use of force? Should this be state/region-specific or should this be a federal/national act? What specific provisions need to be in place prior to the incident for either of these scenarios to occur?

Subject Matter Experts

Jim Bentley, PhD
Senior Vice President, Strategic Policy Planning
American Hospital Association
325 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 626-2273
jbentley@aha.org

Patricia Checko, MPH
Director of Public Health, Bristol Burlington Health
National Association of County and City Health Officials
Chairperson, Bioterrorism/Public Health
Emergency Preparedness Taskforce
240 Stafford Avenue
Bristol, CT 06010
Phone: (860) 584-7682
patriciachecko@ci.bristol.ct.us

James G. Hodge, Jr., JD, LLM
Deputy Director, Center for Law and the Public's Health
Georgetown University Law Center
600 New Jersey Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: (410) 955-7624
jhodge@jhsph.edu

Joel L. Leson
Special Assistant to the Executive Director and Chief of Staff
International Association of Chiefs of Police
515 North Washington Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-2357
Phone: (703) 836-6767, ext. 316
Fax: (703) 836-4543
leson@theiacp.org

Daniel R. Lucey, MD
Interim Chief Health Officer, DC Department of Health
825 North Capitol Street, NE
4th Floor
Washington, DC 20002
Phone: (202) 442-5938
dlucey@dchealth.com

Edward Richards, III, JD, MPH
Director of the Program in Law, Science, and Public Health
Harvey A. Peltier Professor of Law
Louisiana State University
Paul M. Herbert Law Center
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Phone: (225) 578-7595
Fax: (225) 578-5935
richards@lsu.edu

Mark Rothstein, JD
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Institute for Bioethics, Health Policy and Law
501 East Broadway, Suite 310
Louisville, KY 40202
Phone: (502) 852-4982
mark.rothstein@louisville.edu

Roslyne Schulman
Senior Associate Director, Policy Development
American Hospital Association
325 7th Street NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 626-2273
rschulman@aha.org

Christa Singleton, MD, MPH
Chief Medical Director, Office of Public Health Preparedness
Baltimore City Department of Health
182 Fleetwood Terrace
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Phone: (301) 589-5296
Alt Phone: (240) 988-1055
cmsing@aol.com

Dale Woodin, CHFM
Deputy Executive Director
American Society for Healthcare Engineering
American Hospital Association
One North Franklin
Chicago, IL 60606
Phone: (312) 422-3812
dwoodin@aha.org

Laboratory Capacity

Interview Questions

Is there clear direction and formal coordination between emergency responders and laboratories that defines the laboratory's roles and functions?
Is the decisionmaking process based on adequate information (what samples to test, how to test them, procedures for referrals, etc.)?
Is there adequate capacity for environmental testing in addition to clinical samples? What is the testing capacity/capability for each sample type?
Are adequate planning and protocols in place for surge capacity?
Are there adequate equipment and training available to safely handle, store, and ship/transfer samples that may contain biological warfare agents? Are facilities maintained and personnel trained to the appropriate biosafety level (BSL2, BSL3, etc.)?
Are there adequate security and safety measures in place to protect select agents and samples from theft or misuse and laboratory personnel and emergency responders from exposure?
Are training and reagents provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's CDC) Laboratory Response Network adequate for effective and timely diagnosis and identification of biological weapons agents?
Is proposed funding from Health and Human Services/CDC adequate to upgrade laboratory capacity within the Laboratory Response Network (LRN) in preparation of potential bioterrorist attack?
What is/are the greatest gap(s) in laboratory capacity preparedness for a bioterrorism attack (appropriate facilities (size, security, and containment level), equipment, appropriately trained personnel (full-time employees or on loan for surge capacity), diagnostic protocols for clinical and environmental samples, reagent availability, cooperation between organizations (LRN, Public Health Laboratory Services, hospitals, Federal Bureau of Investigation, etc.), rapid and accurate communication of tests, results, etc. (high speed internet and E-mail access to secure databases (Health Alert Network, Epi-X, etc.), etc. How do you think we could bridge or fill the gap? Which agency, department, or organization do you think is best suited to handle this?
There has been a huge increase in bioterrorism spending. In regard to laboratory capacity, do you generally feel that the money is being well spent? Who do you think should oversee spending efforts? The States? A Federal agency? Where do you see the most/least amount of money being spent?
How do you feel the LRN is evolving? Do you see any gaps in responding to a BT event or naturally occurring epidemic that could be filled by the LRN?
What do you think are the most important "dual-use" resources that laboratories require (e.g., personnel, training, clinical lab connectivity, or equipment)?
Can you identify preparedness steps that laboratories can take that do not require a great deal of funding (e.g., interagency communications, or on-line training)?

Subject Matter Experts

Scott Becker, MS
Executive Director
Association of Public Health Laboratories
2025 M Street, NW, Suite 550
Washington, DC 20036-3320
Phone: (202) 822-5227, ext 201
Fax: (202) 887-5098
sbecker@aphl.org

Jasmine Chaitram, MPH, MT
Health Scientist
Laboratory Response Network
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd. N.E.
MS C-18
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: (404) 639-3155
Fax: (404) 639-2850
jchaitram@cdc.gov

Edward Eitzen, MD, MPH
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Commander (past)
Senior Medical Advisor
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Health
Emergency Preparedness
Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Avenue S.W., Room 636G
Washington, DC 20201
Phone: (202) 690-5545
edward.eitzen@hhs.gov

Mary Gilchrist, PhD
Vice President for Research, Hygienic Laboratory
University of Iowa
H101 Oakdale Hall, Oakdale Campus
Iowa City, IA 52242
Phone: (319) 335-4500
Fax: (319) 335-4600
mary-gilchrist@uiowa.edu

Rosemary Humes, MS, MT (ASCP) SM
Director, Infectious Disease Programs
Association of Public Health Laboratories
2025 M St NW Suite 550
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 822-5227 x 211
rhumes@aphl.org

Laura Jevitt
Microbiologist, Epidemiology and Laboratory Branch
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd, NE, G-08
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: (404) 639-3832
Fax: (404) 639-1381
lgj9@cdc.gov

Barbara Johnson
Director, Center for Biosecurity, STRA
Science Applications International Corporation
1710 SAIC Drive
McLean, VA 22102.
Phone: (703) 676-8344
Barbara.Johnson@saic.com

Richard Kellogg
LRN Coordinator
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road, C-18
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: (404) 639-0392
rbk1@cdc.gov

Michele Ledgerwood
Senior National Security Analyst for Advanced Science and Technology
Program Manager, Unconventional Approaches to Countering Bioterrorism
Science Applications International Corporation
1710 SAIC Drive
McLean, VA 22102
Phone: (703) 676-5131
michele.m.ledgerwood@saic.com

George Ludwig, PhD
Chief, Diagnostic Systems Division
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1425 Porter Street
Ft. Detrick, MD 21702
Phone: (301) 619-4941
george.Ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil

Chris Mangal, MPH
Program Manager, Emergency Preparedness and Response
Association of Public Health Laboratories
2025 M St NW Suite 550
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 822-5227, ext. 244
Fax: (202) 887 5098
cmangal@aphl.org

Claudine McCarthy
Senior Analyst, Public Health Preparedness and Infrastructure
National Association of City and County Health Officials
1100 17th Street, NE, Second Floor
Washington, DC 20018
Phone: (202) 783-5550, ext. 264
Fax: (202) 783-1583
CMcCarthy@naccho.org

Jim Pearson, MD
Association of Public Health Laboratories
Virginia State Laboratory<
600 North 5th Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Phone: (804) 648-4480
jpearson@dgs.state.va.us

Bonnie D. Rubin
Bioterrorism Response Coordinator
University Hygienic Laboratory
102 Oakdale Campus
Iowa City, IA 52242
Phone: (319) 335-4861
Fax: (319) 335-4600
bonnie-rubin@uiowa.edu

James Snyder, PhD
Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine
University of Louisville, School of Medicine
530 S. Jackson Street
Louisville, KY 40202
Phone: (502) 852-1777
Fax: (502) 852-1771
jwsnyd01@gwise.louisville.edu

Robert A. Wise, MD
Vice President, Division of Standards & Survey Methods
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
One Renaissance Blvd.
Oakbrook Terrace, Ill. 60181
Phone: (630) 792-5890
rwise@jcaho.org

Ann Willey, JD, PhD
Director Of Policy and Planning
Wadsworth Center
P.O. Box 509
Albany, NY 12201-0509
Phone: (518) 473-4856
ann.willey@wadsworth.org

Mark Wolcott, PhD
Chief, Special Pathogens and Field Operations and Training Branches
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1425 Porter Street
Ft. Detrick, MD 21702
Phone: (301) 619-4738
Fax: (301) 619-4292
mark.wolcott@det.amedd.army.mil

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