250 lines
11 KiB
Text
250 lines
11 KiB
Text
NATIONAL CENTERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
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GLOBAL SURFACE SUMMARY OF DAY DATA (GSOD)
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(OVER 9000 WORLDWIDE STATIONS)
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10/28/2020
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********************************************************************
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SPECIAL NOTES
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The data summaries provided here are based on data exchanged under the World
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Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Watch Program according to WMO
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Resolution 40 (Cg-XII). This allows WMO member countries to place restrictions on the
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use or re-export of their data for commercial purposes outside of the receiving country.
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Data for selected countries may, at times, not be available through this system.
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Those countries' data summaries and products which are available here are intended for
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free and unrestricted use in research, education, and other non-commercial activities.
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However, for non-U.S. locations' data, the data or any derived product shall not be provided
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to other users or be used for the re-export of commercial services.
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To determine off-line availability of any country's data, please contact NCEI at
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ncei.orders@noaa.gov
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828-271-4800
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See our contact page at:
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www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
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The data are available via:
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Web Accessible Folder -- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/global-summary-of-the-day/
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Common Access -- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/global-summary-of-
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the-day
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********************************************************************
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OVERVIEW
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The following is a description of the global surface summary of day product produced by the
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National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in Asheville, NC. The input data used in
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building these daily summaries are the Integrated Surface Data (ISD), which includes global
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data obtained from the USAF Climatology Center, located in the Federal Climate Complex with
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NCEI. The latest daily summary data are normally available a few days after the date-time of the
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observations used in the daily summaries. The online data files begin with 1929. Over 9000
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stations' data are typically available.
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The headers used in csv files and definition of each daily element included in the dataset (as
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available from each station) are as follows:
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TEMP - Mean temperature (.1 Fahrenheit)
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DEWP - Mean dew point (.1 Fahrenheit)
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SLP - Mean sea level pressure (.1 mb)
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STP - Mean station pressure (.1 mb)
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VISIB - Mean visibility (.1 miles)
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WDSP <20> Mean wind speed (.1 knots)
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MXSPD - Maximum sustained wind speed (.1 knots)
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GUST - Maximum wind gust (.1 knots)
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MAX - Maximum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit)
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MIN - Minimum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit)
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PRCP - Precipitation amount (.01 inches)
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SNDP - Snow depth (.1 inches)
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FRSHTT <20> Indicator for occurrence of:
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Fog
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Rain or Drizzle
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Snow or Ice Pellets
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Hail
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Thunder
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Tornado/Funnel Cloud
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For more detailed descriptions of data elements and contents of the dataset, see the format
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documentation shown below.
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********************************************************************
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DETAILS/FORMAT
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Global summary of day data for 18 surface meteorological elements
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are derived from the synoptic/hourly observations contained in
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USAF DATSAV3 Surface data and Federal Climate Complex Integrated
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Surface Data (ISD). Historical data are generally available for 1929 to
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the present, with data from 1973 to the present being the most complete.
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For some periods, one or more countries' data may not be available due to
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data restrictions or communications problems. In deriving the summary of
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day data, a minimum of 4 observations for the day must be present (allows
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for stations which report 4 synoptic observations/day). Since the data are
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converted to constant units (e.g, knots), slight rounding error from the
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originally reported values may occur (e.g, 9.9 instead of 10.0).
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The mean daily values described below are based on the hours of
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operation for the station. For some stations/countries, the
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visibility will sometimes 'cluster' around a value (such as 10
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miles) due to the practice of not reporting visibilities greater
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than certain distances. The daily extremes and totals--maximum
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wind gust, precipitation amount, and snow depth--will only appear
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if the station reports the data sufficiently to provide a valid value.
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Therefore, these three elements will appear less frequently than
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other values. Also, these elements are derived from the stations'
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reports during the day, and may comprise a 24-hour period which
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includes a portion of the previous day. The data are reported and
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summarized based on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT, 0000Z - 2359Z) since
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the original synoptic/hourly data are reported and based on GMT.
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As for quality control (QC), the input data undergo extensive
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automated QC to correctly 'decode' as much of the synoptic data as
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possible, and to eliminate many of the random errors found in the
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original data. Then, these data are QC'ed further as the summary of
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day data are derived. However, we expect that a very small percent of
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the errors will remain in the summary of day data.
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The data are strictly ASCII, with a mixture of character data, real
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values, and integer values.
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Following is the data format:
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All data records are described below.
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All 9's in a field (e.g., 99.99 for PRCP) indicates no report or insufficient data.
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FIELD DESCRIPTION
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STATION - Station number (WMO/DATSAV3 possibly combined w/WBAN number)
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DATE - Given in mm/dd/yyyy format
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LATITUDE - Given in decimated degrees (Southern Hemisphere values are negative)
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LONGITUDE - Given in decimated degrees (Western Hemisphere values are negative)
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ELEVATION - Given in meters
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NAME - Name of station/airport/military base
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TEMP - Mean temperature for the day in degrees Fahrenheit to tenths. Missing = 9999.9
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TEMP_ATTRIBUTES - Number of observations used in calculating mean temperature.
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DEWP - Mean dew point for the day in degrees Fahrenheit to tenths. Missing = 9999.9
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DEWP_ATTRIBUTES - Number of observations used in calculating mean dew point.
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SLP - Mean sea level pressure for the day in millibars to tenths. Missing = 9999.9
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SLP_ATTRIBUTES - Number of observations used in calculating mean sea level pressure.
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STP - Mean station pressure for the day in millibars to tenths. Missing = 9999.9
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STP_ATTRIBUTES - Number of observations used in calculating mean station pressure.
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VISIB - Mean visibility for the day in miles to tenths. Missing = 999.9
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VISIB_ATTRIBUTES - Number of observations used in calculating mean visibility.
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WDSP - Mean wind speed for the day in knots to tenths. Missing = 999.9
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WDSP_ATTRIBUTES - Number of observations used in calculating mean wind speed.
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MXSPD - Maximum sustained wind speed reported for the day in knots to tenths. Missing =
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999.
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GUST - Maximum wind gust reported for the day in knots to tenths. Missing = 999.9
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MAX - Maximum temperature reported during the day in Fahrenheit to tenths. Missing = 9999.9
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Note: Time of maximum temperature report varies by country and region, so this will sometimes
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not be the maximum for the calendar day.
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MAX_ATTRIBUTES <20>
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Blank indicates maximum temperature was taken from the explicit maximum
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temperature report and not from the 'hourly' data.
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* indicates maximum temperature was derived from the hourly data
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(i.e. highest hourly or synoptic-reported temperature).
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MIN - Minimum temperature reported during the day in Fahrenheit to tenths. Missing = 9999.9
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Note: Time of minimum temperature report varies by country and region, so this will sometimes
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not be the maximum for the calendar day.
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MIN_ATTRIBUTES
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Blank indicates minimum temperature was taken from the explicit minimum
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temperature report and not from the 'hourly' data.
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* indicates minimum temperature was derived from the hourly data
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(i.e. highest hourly or synoptic-reported temperature).
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PRCP - Total precipitation (rain and/or melted snow) reported during the day in inches
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and hundredths; will usually not end with the midnight observation (i.e. may include
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latter part of previous day). <20>0<EFBFBD> indicates no measurable precipitation (includes a trace).
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Missing = 99.99
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Note: Many stations do not report <20>0<EFBFBD> on days with no precipitation, therefore <20>99.99<EFBFBD> will often
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appear on these days. Also, for example, a station may only report a 6-hour amount for the
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period during which rain fell. See attribute field for source of data.
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PRCP_ATTRIBUTES -
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A = 1 report of 6-hour precipitation amount.
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B = Summation of 2 reports of 6-hour precipitation amount.
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C = Summation of 3 reports of 6-hour precipitation amount.
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D = Summation of 4 reports of 6-hour precipitation amount.
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E = 1 report of 12-hour precipitation amount.
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F = Summation of 2 reports of 12-hour precipitation amount.
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G = 1 report of 24-hour precipitation amount.
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H = Station reported '0' as the amount for the day (eg, from 6-hour reports),
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but also reported at least one occurrence of precipitation in hourly observations.
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This could indicate a trace occurred, but should be considered as incomplete
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data for the day.
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I = Station did not report any precipitation data for the day and did not report any
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occurrences of precipitation in its hourly observations. It's still possible that
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precipitation occurred but was not reported.
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SNDP - Snow depth in inches to tenths. It is the last report for the day if reported more than
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once. Missing = 999.9
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Note: Most stations do not report <20>0<EFBFBD> on days with no snow on the ground, therefore, <20>999.9<EFBFBD> will
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often appear on these days.
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FRSHTT - Indicators (1 = yes, 0 = no/not reported) for the occurrence during the day of:
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Fog ('F' - 1st digit).
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Rain or Drizzle ('R' - 2nd digit).
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Snow or Ice Pellets ('S' - 3rd digit).
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Hail ('H' - 4th digit).
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Thunder ('T' - 5th digit).
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Tornado or Funnel Cloud ('T' - 6th digit).
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********************************************************************
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REFERENCE
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The NCEI Climate Services Branch (CSB) is responsible for distribution of NCEI products to
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users. NCEI's CSB can be contacted via the following phone number, internet address, or
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fax number.
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Telephone Number: 828-271-4800
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Fax Number: 828-271-4876
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Internet Address: ncei.orders@noaa.gov
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Website: www.ncei.noaa.gov
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********************************************************************
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Mark Lackey
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Meteorologist
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NOAA<EFBFBD>s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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Center for Weather and Climate (CWC)
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151 Patton Ave
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Asheville, NC 28801
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