Initial commit

plugins/connection/chroot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# Based on local.py (c) 2012, Michael DeHaan <michael.dehaan@gmail.com>
+#
+# (c) 2013, Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+# (c) 2015, Toshio Kuratomi <tkuratomi@ansible.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+    connection: chroot
+    short_description: Interact with local chroot
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing chroot on the Ansible controller.
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - The path of the chroot you want to access.
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+      executable:
+        description:
+            - User specified executable shell
+        ini:
+          - section: defaults
+            key: executable
+        env:
+          - name: ANSIBLE_EXECUTABLE
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_executable
+        default: /bin/sh
+      chroot_exe:
+        description:
+            - User specified chroot binary
+        ini:
+          - section: chroot_connection
+            key: exe
+        env:
+          - name: ANSIBLE_CHROOT_EXE
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_chroot_exe
+        default: chroot
+'''
+
+import os
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import traceback
+
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible.module_utils.basic import is_executable
+from ansible.module_utils.common.process import get_bin_path
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import shlex_quote
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_native
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, BUFSIZE
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local chroot based connections '''
+
+    transport = 'community.general.chroot'
+    has_pipelining = True
+    # su currently has an undiagnosed issue with calculating the file
+    # checksums (so copy, for instance, doesn't work right)
+    # Have to look into that before re-enabling this
+    has_tty = False
+
+    default_user = 'root'
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.chroot = self._play_context.remote_addr
+
+        if os.geteuid() != 0:
+            raise AnsibleError("chroot connection requires running as root")
+
+        # we're running as root on the local system so do some
+        # trivial checks for ensuring 'host' is actually a chroot'able dir
+        if not os.path.isdir(self.chroot):
+            raise AnsibleError("%s is not a directory" % self.chroot)
+
+        chrootsh = os.path.join(self.chroot, 'bin/sh')
+        # Want to check for a usable bourne shell inside the chroot.
+        # is_executable() == True is sufficient.  For symlinks it
+        # gets really complicated really fast.  So we punt on finding that
+        # out.  As long as it's a symlink we assume that it will work
+        if not (is_executable(chrootsh) or (os.path.lexists(chrootsh) and os.path.islink(chrootsh))):
+            raise AnsibleError("%s does not look like a chrootable dir (/bin/sh missing)" % self.chroot)
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        ''' connect to the chroot '''
+        if os.path.isabs(self.get_option('chroot_exe')):
+            self.chroot_cmd = self.get_option('chroot_exe')
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.chroot_cmd = get_bin_path(self.get_option('chroot_exe'))
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise AnsibleError(to_native(e))
+
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        if not self._connected:
+            display.vvv("THIS IS A LOCAL CHROOT DIR", host=self.chroot)
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def _buffered_exec_command(self, cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE):
+        ''' run a command on the chroot.  This is only needed for implementing
+        put_file() get_file() so that we don't have to read the whole file
+        into memory.
+
+        compared to exec_command() it looses some niceties like being able to
+        return the process's exit code immediately.
+        '''
+        executable = self.get_option('executable')
+        local_cmd = [self.chroot_cmd, self.chroot, executable, '-c', cmd]
+
+        display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (local_cmd), host=self.chroot)
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(local_cmd, shell=False, stdin=stdin,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        return p
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        ''' run a command on the chroot '''
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        p = self._buffered_exec_command(cmd)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(in_data)
+        return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+    def _prefix_login_path(self, remote_path):
+        ''' Make sure that we put files into a standard path
+
+            If a path is relative, then we need to choose where to put it.
+            ssh chooses $HOME but we aren't guaranteed that a home dir will
+            exist in any given chroot.  So for now we're choosing "/" instead.
+            This also happens to be the former default.
+
+            Can revisit using $HOME instead if it's a problem
+        '''
+        if not remote_path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            remote_path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, remote_path)
+        return os.path.normpath(remote_path)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to chroot '''
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.chroot)
+
+        out_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(out_path))
+        try:
+            with open(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'rb') as in_file:
+                if not os.fstat(in_file.fileno()).st_size:
+                    count = ' count=0'
+                else:
+                    count = ''
+                try:
+                    p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd of=%s bs=%s%s' % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count), stdin=in_file)
+                except OSError:
+                    raise AnsibleError("chroot connection requires dd command in the chroot")
+                try:
+                    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+                except Exception:
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+                if p.returncode != 0:
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+        except IOError:
+            raise AnsibleError("file or module does not exist at: %s" % in_path)
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from chroot to local '''
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.chroot)
+
+        in_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(in_path))
+        try:
+            p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd if=%s bs=%s' % (in_path, BUFSIZE))
+        except OSError:
+            raise AnsibleError("chroot connection requires dd command in the chroot")
+
+        with open(to_bytes(out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'wb+') as out_file:
+            try:
+                chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+                while chunk:
+                    out_file.write(chunk)
+                    chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+            except Exception:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/docker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+# Based on the chroot connection plugin by Maykel Moya
+#
+# (c) 2014, Lorin Hochstein
+# (c) 2015, Leendert Brouwer (https://github.com/objectified)
+# (c) 2015, Toshio Kuratomi <tkuratomi@ansible.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author:
+        - Lorin Hochestein
+        - Leendert Brouwer
+    connection: docker
+    short_description: Run tasks in docker containers
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing docker container.
+    options:
+      remote_user:
+        description:
+            - The user to execute as inside the container
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_user
+            - name: ansible_docker_user
+      docker_extra_args:
+        description:
+            - Extra arguments to pass to the docker command line
+        default: ''
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - The name of the container you want to access.
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_docker_host
+'''
+
+import distutils.spawn
+import fcntl
+import os
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import re
+
+from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+
+import ansible.constants as C
+from ansible.compat import selectors
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError, AnsibleFileNotFound
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import shlex_quote
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, BUFSIZE
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local docker based connections '''
+
+    transport = 'community.general.docker'
+    has_pipelining = True
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Note: docker supports running as non-root in some configurations.
+        # (For instance, setting the UNIX socket file to be readable and
+        # writable by a specific UNIX group and then putting users into that
+        # group).  Therefore we don't check that the user is root when using
+        # this connection.  But if the user is getting a permission denied
+        # error it probably means that docker on their system is only
+        # configured to be connected to by root and they are not running as
+        # root.
+
+        # Windows uses Powershell modules
+        if getattr(self._shell, "_IS_WINDOWS", False):
+            self.module_implementation_preferences = ('.ps1', '.exe', '')
+
+        if 'docker_command' in kwargs:
+            self.docker_cmd = kwargs['docker_command']
+        else:
+            self.docker_cmd = distutils.spawn.find_executable('docker')
+            if not self.docker_cmd:
+                raise AnsibleError("docker command not found in PATH")
+
+        docker_version = self._get_docker_version()
+        if docker_version == u'dev':
+            display.warning(u'Docker version number is "dev". Will assume latest version.')
+        if docker_version != u'dev' and LooseVersion(docker_version) < LooseVersion(u'1.3'):
+            raise AnsibleError('docker connection type requires docker 1.3 or higher')
+
+        # The remote user we will request from docker (if supported)
+        self.remote_user = None
+        # The actual user which will execute commands in docker (if known)
+        self.actual_user = None
+
+        if self._play_context.remote_user is not None:
+            if docker_version == u'dev' or LooseVersion(docker_version) >= LooseVersion(u'1.7'):
+                # Support for specifying the exec user was added in docker 1.7
+                self.remote_user = self._play_context.remote_user
+                self.actual_user = self.remote_user
+            else:
+                self.actual_user = self._get_docker_remote_user()
+
+                if self.actual_user != self._play_context.remote_user:
+                    display.warning(u'docker {0} does not support remote_user, using container default: {1}'
+                                    .format(docker_version, self.actual_user or u'?'))
+        elif self._display.verbosity > 2:
+            # Since we're not setting the actual_user, look it up so we have it for logging later
+            # Only do this if display verbosity is high enough that we'll need the value
+            # This saves overhead from calling into docker when we don't need to
+            self.actual_user = self._get_docker_remote_user()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sanitize_version(version):
+        return re.sub(u'[^0-9a-zA-Z.]', u'', version)
+
+    def _old_docker_version(self):
+        cmd_args = []
+        if self._play_context.docker_extra_args:
+            cmd_args += self._play_context.docker_extra_args.split(' ')
+
+        old_version_subcommand = ['version']
+
+        old_docker_cmd = [self.docker_cmd] + cmd_args + old_version_subcommand
+        p = subprocess.Popen(old_docker_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        cmd_output, err = p.communicate()
+
+        return old_docker_cmd, to_native(cmd_output), err, p.returncode
+
+    def _new_docker_version(self):
+        # no result yet, must be newer Docker version
+        cmd_args = []
+        if self._play_context.docker_extra_args:
+            cmd_args += self._play_context.docker_extra_args.split(' ')
+
+        new_version_subcommand = ['version', '--format', "'{{.Server.Version}}'"]
+
+        new_docker_cmd = [self.docker_cmd] + cmd_args + new_version_subcommand
+        p = subprocess.Popen(new_docker_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        cmd_output, err = p.communicate()
+        return new_docker_cmd, to_native(cmd_output), err, p.returncode
+
+    def _get_docker_version(self):
+
+        cmd, cmd_output, err, returncode = self._old_docker_version()
+        if returncode == 0:
+            for line in to_text(cmd_output, errors='surrogate_or_strict').split(u'\n'):
+                if line.startswith(u'Server version:'):  # old docker versions
+                    return self._sanitize_version(line.split()[2])
+
+        cmd, cmd_output, err, returncode = self._new_docker_version()
+        if returncode:
+            raise AnsibleError('Docker version check (%s) failed: %s' % (to_native(cmd), to_native(err)))
+
+        return self._sanitize_version(to_text(cmd_output, errors='surrogate_or_strict'))
+
+    def _get_docker_remote_user(self):
+        """ Get the default user configured in the docker container """
+        p = subprocess.Popen([self.docker_cmd, 'inspect', '--format', '{{.Config.User}}', self._play_context.remote_addr],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        out = to_text(out, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            display.warning(u'unable to retrieve default user from docker container: %s %s' % (out, to_text(err)))
+            return None
+
+        # The default exec user is root, unless it was changed in the Dockerfile with USER
+        return out.strip() or u'root'
+
+    def _build_exec_cmd(self, cmd):
+        """ Build the local docker exec command to run cmd on remote_host
+
+            If remote_user is available and is supported by the docker
+            version we are using, it will be provided to docker exec.
+        """
+
+        local_cmd = [self.docker_cmd]
+
+        if self._play_context.docker_extra_args:
+            local_cmd += self._play_context.docker_extra_args.split(' ')
+
+        local_cmd += [b'exec']
+
+        if self.remote_user is not None:
+            local_cmd += [b'-u', self.remote_user]
+
+        # -i is needed to keep stdin open which allows pipelining to work
+        local_cmd += [b'-i', self._play_context.remote_addr] + cmd
+
+        return local_cmd
+
+    def _connect(self, port=None):
+        """ Connect to the container. Nothing to do """
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        if not self._connected:
+            display.vvv(u"ESTABLISH DOCKER CONNECTION FOR USER: {0}".format(
+                self.actual_user or u'?'), host=self._play_context.remote_addr
+            )
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        """ Run a command on the docker host """
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        local_cmd = self._build_exec_cmd([self._play_context.executable, '-c', cmd])
+
+        display.vvv(u"EXEC {0}".format(to_text(local_cmd)), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+        display.debug("opening command with Popen()")
+
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            local_cmd,
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        display.debug("done running command with Popen()")
+
+        if self.become and self.become.expect_prompt() and sudoable:
+            fcntl.fcntl(p.stdout, fcntl.F_SETFL, fcntl.fcntl(p.stdout, fcntl.F_GETFL) | os.O_NONBLOCK)
+            fcntl.fcntl(p.stderr, fcntl.F_SETFL, fcntl.fcntl(p.stderr, fcntl.F_GETFL) | os.O_NONBLOCK)
+            selector = selectors.DefaultSelector()
+            selector.register(p.stdout, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+            selector.register(p.stderr, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+            become_output = b''
+            try:
+                while not self.become.check_success(become_output) and not self.become.check_password_prompt(become_output):
+                    events = selector.select(self._play_context.timeout)
+                    if not events:
+                        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+                        raise AnsibleError('timeout waiting for privilege escalation password prompt:\n' + to_native(become_output))
+
+                    for key, event in events:
+                        if key.fileobj == p.stdout:
+                            chunk = p.stdout.read()
+                        elif key.fileobj == p.stderr:
+                            chunk = p.stderr.read()
+
+                    if not chunk:
+                        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+                        raise AnsibleError('privilege output closed while waiting for password prompt:\n' + to_native(become_output))
+                    become_output += chunk
+            finally:
+                selector.close()
+
+            if not self.become.check_success(become_output):
+                become_pass = self.become.get_option('become_pass', playcontext=self._play_context)
+                p.stdin.write(to_bytes(become_pass, errors='surrogate_or_strict') + b'\n')
+            fcntl.fcntl(p.stdout, fcntl.F_SETFL, fcntl.fcntl(p.stdout, fcntl.F_GETFL) & ~os.O_NONBLOCK)
+            fcntl.fcntl(p.stderr, fcntl.F_SETFL, fcntl.fcntl(p.stderr, fcntl.F_GETFL) & ~os.O_NONBLOCK)
+
+        display.debug("getting output with communicate()")
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(in_data)
+        display.debug("done communicating")
+
+        display.debug("done with docker.exec_command()")
+        return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+    def _prefix_login_path(self, remote_path):
+        ''' Make sure that we put files into a standard path
+
+            If a path is relative, then we need to choose where to put it.
+            ssh chooses $HOME but we aren't guaranteed that a home dir will
+            exist in any given chroot.  So for now we're choosing "/" instead.
+            This also happens to be the former default.
+
+            Can revisit using $HOME instead if it's a problem
+        '''
+        if not remote_path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            remote_path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, remote_path)
+        return os.path.normpath(remote_path)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ Transfer a file from local to docker container """
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+
+        out_path = self._prefix_login_path(out_path)
+        if not os.path.exists(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')):
+            raise AnsibleFileNotFound(
+                "file or module does not exist: %s" % to_native(in_path))
+
+        out_path = shlex_quote(out_path)
+        # Older docker doesn't have native support for copying files into
+        # running containers, so we use docker exec to implement this
+        # Although docker version 1.8 and later provide support, the
+        # owner and group of the files are always set to root
+        with open(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'rb') as in_file:
+            if not os.fstat(in_file.fileno()).st_size:
+                count = ' count=0'
+            else:
+                count = ''
+            args = self._build_exec_cmd([self._play_context.executable, "-c", "dd of=%s bs=%s%s" % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count)])
+            args = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in args]
+            try:
+                p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=in_file,
+                                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            except OSError:
+                raise AnsibleError("docker connection requires dd command in the container to put files")
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" %
+                                   (to_native(in_path), to_native(out_path), to_native(stdout), to_native(stderr)))
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ Fetch a file from container to local. """
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+
+        in_path = self._prefix_login_path(in_path)
+        # out_path is the final file path, but docker takes a directory, not a
+        # file path
+        out_dir = os.path.dirname(out_path)
+
+        args = [self.docker_cmd, "cp", "%s:%s" % (self._play_context.remote_addr, in_path), out_dir]
+        args = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in args]
+
+        p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        p.communicate()
+
+        actual_out_path = os.path.join(out_dir, os.path.basename(in_path))
+
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            # Older docker doesn't have native support for fetching files command `cp`
+            # If `cp` fails, try to use `dd` instead
+            args = self._build_exec_cmd([self._play_context.executable, "-c", "dd if=%s bs=%s" % (in_path, BUFSIZE)])
+            args = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in args]
+            with open(to_bytes(actual_out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'wb') as out_file:
+                try:
+                    p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                         stdout=out_file, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+                except OSError:
+                    raise AnsibleError("docker connection requires dd command in the container to put files")
+                stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+
+                if p.returncode != 0:
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to fetch file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+
+        # Rename if needed
+        if actual_out_path != out_path:
+            os.rename(to_bytes(actual_out_path, errors='strict'), to_bytes(out_path, errors='strict'))
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Terminate the connection. Nothing to do for Docker"""
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/funcd.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Based on local.py (c) 2012, Michael DeHaan <michael.dehaan@gmail.com>
+# Based on chroot.py (c) 2013, Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Michael Scherer (@msherer) <misc@zarb.org>
+    connection: funcd
+    short_description: Use funcd to connect to target
+    description:
+        - This transport permits you to use Ansible over Func.
+        - For people who have already setup func and that wish to play with ansible,
+          this permit to move gradually to ansible without having to redo completely the setup of the network.
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - The path of the chroot you want to access.
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_func_host
+'''
+
+HAVE_FUNC = False
+try:
+    import func.overlord.client as fc
+    HAVE_FUNC = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import shutil
+
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(object):
+    ''' Func-based connections '''
+
+    has_pipelining = False
+
+    def __init__(self, runner, host, port, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.runner = runner
+        self.host = host
+        # port is unused, this go on func
+        self.port = port
+
+    def connect(self, port=None):
+        if not HAVE_FUNC:
+            raise AnsibleError("func is not installed")
+
+        self.client = fc.Client(self.host)
+        return self
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, become_user=None, sudoable=False, executable='/bin/sh', in_data=None):
+        ''' run a command on the remote minion '''
+
+        if in_data:
+            raise AnsibleError("Internal Error: this module does not support optimized module pipelining")
+
+        # totally ignores privlege escalation
+        display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (cmd), host=self.host)
+        p = self.client.command.run(cmd)[self.host]
+        return (p[0], p[1], p[2])
+
+    def _normalize_path(self, path, prefix):
+        if not path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, path)
+        normpath = os.path.normpath(path)
+        return os.path.join(prefix, normpath[1:])
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to remote '''
+
+        out_path = self._normalize_path(out_path, '/')
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.host)
+        self.client.local.copyfile.send(in_path, out_path)
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from remote to local '''
+
+        in_path = self._normalize_path(in_path, '/')
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.host)
+        # need to use a tmp dir due to difference of semantic for getfile
+        # ( who take a # directory as destination) and fetch_file, who
+        # take a file directly
+        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="func_ansible")
+        self.client.local.getfile.get(in_path, tmpdir)
+        shutil.move(os.path.join(tmpdir, self.host, os.path.basename(in_path)), out_path)
+        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        pass

plugins/connection/iocage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Based on jail.py
+# (c) 2013, Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+# (c) 2015, Toshio Kuratomi <tkuratomi@ansible.com>
+# (c) 2016, Stephan Lohse <dev-github@ploek.org>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Stephan Lohse <dev-github@ploek.org>
+    connection: iocage
+    short_description: Run tasks in iocage jails
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing iocage jail
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - Path to the jail
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_iocage_host
+      remote_user:
+        description:
+            - User to execute as inside the jail
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_user
+            - name: ansible_iocage_user
+'''
+
+import subprocess
+
+from ansible_collections.community.general.plugins.connection.jail import Connection as Jail
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_native
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(Jail):
+    ''' Local iocage based connections '''
+
+    transport = 'community.general.iocage'
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.ioc_jail = play_context.remote_addr
+
+        self.iocage_cmd = Jail._search_executable('iocage')
+
+        jail_uuid = self.get_jail_uuid()
+
+        kwargs[Jail.modified_jailname_key] = 'ioc-{0}'.format(jail_uuid)
+
+        display.vvv(u"Jail {iocjail} has been translated to {rawjail}".format(
+            iocjail=self.ioc_jail, rawjail=kwargs[Jail.modified_jailname_key]),
+            host=kwargs[Jail.modified_jailname_key])
+
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_jail_uuid(self):
+        p = subprocess.Popen([self.iocage_cmd, 'get', 'host_hostuuid', self.ioc_jail],
+                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+
+        if stdout is not None:
+            stdout = to_native(stdout)
+
+        if stderr is not None:
+            stderr = to_native(stderr)
+
+        # otherwise p.returncode would not be set
+        p.wait()
+
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            raise AnsibleError(u"iocage returned an error: {0}".format(stdout))
+
+        return stdout.strip('\n')

plugins/connection/jail.py

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# Based on local.py by Michael DeHaan <michael.dehaan@gmail.com>
+# and chroot.py by  Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+# Copyright (c) 2015, Toshio Kuratomi <tkuratomi@ansible.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Ansible Core Team
+    connection: jail
+    short_description: Run tasks in jails
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing jail
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - Path to the jail
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_jail_host
+      remote_user:
+        description:
+            - User to execute as inside the jail
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_user
+            - name: ansible_jail_user
+'''
+
+import distutils.spawn
+import os
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import traceback
+import ansible.constants as C
+
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import shlex_quote
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, BUFSIZE
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local BSD Jail based connections '''
+
+    modified_jailname_key = 'conn_jail_name'
+
+    transport = 'community.general.jail'
+    # Pipelining may work.  Someone needs to test by setting this to True and
+    # having pipelining=True in their ansible.cfg
+    has_pipelining = True
+    has_tty = False
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.jail = self._play_context.remote_addr
+        if self.modified_jailname_key in kwargs:
+            self.jail = kwargs[self.modified_jailname_key]
+
+        if os.geteuid() != 0:
+            raise AnsibleError("jail connection requires running as root")
+
+        self.jls_cmd = self._search_executable('jls')
+        self.jexec_cmd = self._search_executable('jexec')
+
+        if self.jail not in self.list_jails():
+            raise AnsibleError("incorrect jail name %s" % self.jail)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _search_executable(executable):
+        cmd = distutils.spawn.find_executable(executable)
+        if not cmd:
+            raise AnsibleError("%s command not found in PATH" % executable)
+        return cmd
+
+    def list_jails(self):
+        p = subprocess.Popen([self.jls_cmd, '-q', 'name'],
+                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+
+        return to_text(stdout, errors='surrogate_or_strict').split()
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        ''' connect to the jail; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        if not self._connected:
+            display.vvv(u"ESTABLISH JAIL CONNECTION FOR USER: {0}".format(self._play_context.remote_user), host=self.jail)
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def _buffered_exec_command(self, cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE):
+        ''' run a command on the jail.  This is only needed for implementing
+        put_file() get_file() so that we don't have to read the whole file
+        into memory.
+
+        compared to exec_command() it looses some niceties like being able to
+        return the process's exit code immediately.
+        '''
+
+        local_cmd = [self.jexec_cmd]
+        set_env = ''
+
+        if self._play_context.remote_user is not None:
+            local_cmd += ['-U', self._play_context.remote_user]
+            # update HOME since -U does not update the jail environment
+            set_env = 'HOME=~' + self._play_context.remote_user + ' '
+
+        local_cmd += [self.jail, self._play_context.executable, '-c', set_env + cmd]
+
+        display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (local_cmd,), host=self.jail)
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(local_cmd, shell=False, stdin=stdin,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        return p
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        ''' run a command on the jail '''
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        p = self._buffered_exec_command(cmd)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(in_data)
+        return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+    def _prefix_login_path(self, remote_path):
+        ''' Make sure that we put files into a standard path
+
+            If a path is relative, then we need to choose where to put it.
+            ssh chooses $HOME but we aren't guaranteed that a home dir will
+            exist in any given chroot.  So for now we're choosing "/" instead.
+            This also happens to be the former default.
+
+            Can revisit using $HOME instead if it's a problem
+        '''
+        if not remote_path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            remote_path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, remote_path)
+        return os.path.normpath(remote_path)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to jail '''
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.jail)
+
+        out_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(out_path))
+        try:
+            with open(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'rb') as in_file:
+                if not os.fstat(in_file.fileno()).st_size:
+                    count = ' count=0'
+                else:
+                    count = ''
+                try:
+                    p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd of=%s bs=%s%s' % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count), stdin=in_file)
+                except OSError:
+                    raise AnsibleError("jail connection requires dd command in the jail")
+                try:
+                    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+                except Exception:
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+                if p.returncode != 0:
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, to_native(stdout), to_native(stderr)))
+        except IOError:
+            raise AnsibleError("file or module does not exist at: %s" % in_path)
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from jail to local '''
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.jail)
+
+        in_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(in_path))
+        try:
+            p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd if=%s bs=%s' % (in_path, BUFSIZE))
+        except OSError:
+            raise AnsibleError("jail connection requires dd command in the jail")
+
+        with open(to_bytes(out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'wb+') as out_file:
+            try:
+                chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+                while chunk:
+                    out_file.write(chunk)
+                    chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+            except Exception:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, to_native(stdout), to_native(stderr)))
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/kubectl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+# Based on the docker connection plugin
+#
+# Connection plugin for configuring kubernetes containers with kubectl
+# (c) 2017, XuXinkun <xuxinkun@gmail.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Ansible
+#
+# Ansible is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Ansible is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Ansible.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author:
+        - xuxinkun
+
+    connection: kubectl
+
+    short_description: Execute tasks in pods running on Kubernetes.
+
+    description:
+        - Use the kubectl exec command to run tasks in, or put/fetch files to, pods running on the Kubernetes
+          container platform.
+
+
+    requirements:
+      - kubectl (go binary)
+
+    options:
+      kubectl_pod:
+        description:
+          - Pod name. Required when the host name does not match pod name.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_pod
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_POD
+      kubectl_container:
+        description:
+          - Container name. Required when a pod contains more than one container.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_container
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_CONTAINER
+      kubectl_namespace:
+        description:
+          - The namespace of the pod
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_namespace
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_NAMESPACE
+      kubectl_extra_args:
+        description:
+          - Extra arguments to pass to the kubectl command line.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_extra_args
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_EXTRA_ARGS
+      kubectl_kubeconfig:
+        description:
+          - Path to a kubectl config file. Defaults to I(~/.kube/config)
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_kubeconfig
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_config
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_KUBECONFIG
+      kubectl_context:
+        description:
+          - The name of a context found in the K8s config file.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_context
+        env:
+          - name: k8S_AUTH_CONTEXT
+      kubectl_host:
+        description:
+          - URL for accessing the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_host
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_server
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_HOST
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_SERVER
+      kubectl_username:
+        description:
+          - Provide a username for authenticating with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_username
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_user
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_USERNAME
+      kubectl_password:
+        description:
+          - Provide a password for authenticating with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_password
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_PASSWORD
+      kubectl_token:
+        description:
+          - API authentication bearer token.
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_token
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_api_key
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_TOKEN
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_API_KEY
+      client_cert:
+        description:
+          - Path to a certificate used to authenticate with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_cert_file
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_client_cert
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_CERT_FILE
+        aliases: [ kubectl_cert_file ]
+      client_key:
+        description:
+          - Path to a key file used to authenticate with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_key_file
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_client_key
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_KEY_FILE
+        aliases: [ kubectl_key_file ]
+      ca_cert:
+        description:
+          - Path to a CA certificate used to authenticate with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_ssl_ca_cert
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_ca_cert
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_SSL_CA_CERT
+        aliases: [ kubectl_ssl_ca_cert ]
+      validate_certs:
+        description:
+          - Whether or not to verify the API server's SSL certificate. Defaults to I(true).
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_verify_ssl
+          - name: ansible_kubectl_validate_certs
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_VERIFY_SSL
+        aliases: [ kubectl_verify_ssl ]
+'''
+
+import distutils.spawn
+import os
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+
+import ansible.constants as C
+from ansible.parsing.yaml.loader import AnsibleLoader
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError, AnsibleFileNotFound
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import shlex_quote
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, BUFSIZE
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+CONNECTION_TRANSPORT = 'kubectl'
+
+CONNECTION_OPTIONS = {
+    'kubectl_container': '-c',
+    'kubectl_namespace': '-n',
+    'kubectl_kubeconfig': '--kubeconfig',
+    'kubectl_context': '--context',
+    'kubectl_host': '--server',
+    'kubectl_username': '--username',
+    'kubectl_password': '--password',
+    'client_cert': '--client-certificate',
+    'client_key': '--client-key',
+    'ca_cert': '--certificate-authority',
+    'validate_certs': '--insecure-skip-tls-verify',
+    'kubectl_token': '--token'
+}
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local kubectl based connections '''
+
+    transport = CONNECTION_TRANSPORT
+    connection_options = CONNECTION_OPTIONS
+    documentation = DOCUMENTATION
+    has_pipelining = True
+    transport_cmd = None
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Note: kubectl runs commands as the user that started the container.
+        # It is impossible to set the remote user for a kubectl connection.
+        cmd_arg = '{0}_command'.format(self.transport)
+        if cmd_arg in kwargs:
+            self.transport_cmd = kwargs[cmd_arg]
+        else:
+            self.transport_cmd = distutils.spawn.find_executable(self.transport)
+            if not self.transport_cmd:
+                raise AnsibleError("{0} command not found in PATH".format(self.transport))
+
+    def _build_exec_cmd(self, cmd):
+        """ Build the local kubectl exec command to run cmd on remote_host
+        """
+        local_cmd = [self.transport_cmd]
+
+        # Build command options based on doc string
+        doc_yaml = AnsibleLoader(self.documentation).get_single_data()
+        for key in doc_yaml.get('options'):
+            if key.endswith('verify_ssl') and self.get_option(key) != '':
+                # Translate verify_ssl to skip_verify_ssl, and output as string
+                skip_verify_ssl = not self.get_option(key)
+                local_cmd.append(u'{0}={1}'.format(self.connection_options[key], str(skip_verify_ssl).lower()))
+            elif not key.endswith('container') and self.get_option(key) and self.connection_options.get(key):
+                cmd_arg = self.connection_options[key]
+                local_cmd += [cmd_arg, self.get_option(key)]
+
+        extra_args_name = u'{0}_extra_args'.format(self.transport)
+        if self.get_option(extra_args_name):
+            local_cmd += self.get_option(extra_args_name).split(' ')
+
+        pod = self.get_option(u'{0}_pod'.format(self.transport))
+        if not pod:
+            pod = self._play_context.remote_addr
+        # -i is needed to keep stdin open which allows pipelining to work
+        local_cmd += ['exec', '-i', pod]
+
+        # if the pod has more than one container, then container is required
+        container_arg_name = u'{0}_container'.format(self.transport)
+        if self.get_option(container_arg_name):
+            local_cmd += ['-c', self.get_option(container_arg_name)]
+
+        local_cmd += ['--'] + cmd
+
+        return local_cmd
+
+    def _connect(self, port=None):
+        """ Connect to the container. Nothing to do """
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        if not self._connected:
+            display.vvv(u"ESTABLISH {0} CONNECTION".format(self.transport), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        """ Run a command in the container """
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        local_cmd = self._build_exec_cmd([self._play_context.executable, '-c', cmd])
+
+        display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (local_cmd,), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(local_cmd, shell=False, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(in_data)
+        return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+    def _prefix_login_path(self, remote_path):
+        ''' Make sure that we put files into a standard path
+
+            If a path is relative, then we need to choose where to put it.
+            ssh chooses $HOME but we aren't guaranteed that a home dir will
+            exist in any given chroot.  So for now we're choosing "/" instead.
+            This also happens to be the former default.
+
+            Can revisit using $HOME instead if it's a problem
+        '''
+        if not remote_path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            remote_path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, remote_path)
+        return os.path.normpath(remote_path)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ Transfer a file from local to the container """
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+
+        out_path = self._prefix_login_path(out_path)
+        if not os.path.exists(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')):
+            raise AnsibleFileNotFound(
+                "file or module does not exist: %s" % in_path)
+
+        out_path = shlex_quote(out_path)
+        # kubectl doesn't have native support for copying files into
+        # running containers, so we use kubectl exec to implement this
+        with open(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'rb') as in_file:
+            if not os.fstat(in_file.fileno()).st_size:
+                count = ' count=0'
+            else:
+                count = ''
+            args = self._build_exec_cmd([self._play_context.executable, "-c", "dd of=%s bs=%s%s" % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count)])
+            args = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in args]
+            try:
+                p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=in_file,
+                                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            except OSError:
+                raise AnsibleError("kubectl connection requires dd command in the container to put files")
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ Fetch a file from container to local. """
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self._play_context.remote_addr)
+
+        in_path = self._prefix_login_path(in_path)
+        out_dir = os.path.dirname(out_path)
+
+        # kubectl doesn't have native support for fetching files from
+        # running containers, so we use kubectl exec to implement this
+        args = self._build_exec_cmd([self._play_context.executable, "-c", "dd if=%s bs=%s" % (in_path, BUFSIZE)])
+        args = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in args]
+        actual_out_path = os.path.join(out_dir, os.path.basename(in_path))
+        with open(to_bytes(actual_out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'wb') as out_file:
+            try:
+                p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                     stdout=out_file, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            except OSError:
+                raise AnsibleError(
+                    "{0} connection requires dd command in the container to fetch files".format(self.transport)
+                )
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to fetch file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+
+        if actual_out_path != out_path:
+            os.rename(to_bytes(actual_out_path, errors='strict'), to_bytes(out_path, errors='strict'))
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Terminate the connection. Nothing to do for kubectl"""
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/libvirt_lxc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# Based on local.py (c) 2012, Michael DeHaan <michael.dehaan@gmail.com>
+# Based on chroot.py (c) 2013, Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+# (c) 2013, Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+# (c) 2015, Toshio Kuratomi <tkuratomi@ansible.com>
+# (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+    connection: libvirt_lxc
+    short_description: Run tasks in lxc containers via libvirt
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing lxc container using libvirt
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - Container identifier
+        default: The set user as per docker's configuration
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_libvirt_lxc_host
+'''
+
+import distutils.spawn
+import os
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import traceback
+
+from ansible import constants as C
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import shlex_quote
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, BUFSIZE
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local lxc based connections '''
+
+    transport = 'community.general.libvirt_lxc'
+    has_pipelining = True
+    # su currently has an undiagnosed issue with calculating the file
+    # checksums (so copy, for instance, doesn't work right)
+    # Have to look into that before re-enabling this
+    default_user = 'root'
+    has_tty = False
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.lxc = self._play_context.remote_addr
+
+        self.virsh = self._search_executable('virsh')
+
+        self._check_domain(self.lxc)
+
+    def _search_executable(self, executable):
+        cmd = distutils.spawn.find_executable(executable)
+        if not cmd:
+            raise AnsibleError("%s command not found in PATH") % executable
+        return cmd
+
+    def _check_domain(self, domain):
+        p = subprocess.Popen([self.virsh, '-q', '-c', 'lxc:///', 'dominfo', to_bytes(domain)],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        p.communicate()
+        if p.returncode:
+            raise AnsibleError("%s is not a lxc defined in libvirt" % domain)
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        ''' connect to the lxc; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        if not self._connected:
+            display.vvv("THIS IS A LOCAL LXC DIR", host=self.lxc)
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def _buffered_exec_command(self, cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE):
+        ''' run a command on the chroot.  This is only needed for implementing
+        put_file() get_file() so that we don't have to read the whole file
+        into memory.
+
+        compared to exec_command() it looses some niceties like being able to
+        return the process's exit code immediately.
+        '''
+        executable = C.DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE.split()[0] if C.DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE else '/bin/sh'
+        local_cmd = [self.virsh, '-q', '-c', 'lxc:///', 'lxc-enter-namespace']
+
+        if C.DEFAULT_LIBVIRT_LXC_NOSECLABEL:
+            local_cmd += ['--noseclabel']
+
+        local_cmd += [self.lxc, '--', executable, '-c', cmd]
+
+        display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (local_cmd,), host=self.lxc)
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(local_cmd, shell=False, stdin=stdin,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        return p
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        ''' run a command on the chroot '''
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        p = self._buffered_exec_command(cmd)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(in_data)
+        return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+    def _prefix_login_path(self, remote_path):
+        ''' Make sure that we put files into a standard path
+
+            If a path is relative, then we need to choose where to put it.
+            ssh chooses $HOME but we aren't guaranteed that a home dir will
+            exist in any given chroot.  So for now we're choosing "/" instead.
+            This also happens to be the former default.
+
+            Can revisit using $HOME instead if it's a problem
+        '''
+        if not remote_path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            remote_path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, remote_path)
+        return os.path.normpath(remote_path)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to lxc '''
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.lxc)
+
+        out_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(out_path))
+        try:
+            with open(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'rb') as in_file:
+                if not os.fstat(in_file.fileno()).st_size:
+                    count = ' count=0'
+                else:
+                    count = ''
+                try:
+                    p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd of=%s bs=%s%s' % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count), stdin=in_file)
+                except OSError:
+                    raise AnsibleError("chroot connection requires dd command in the chroot")
+                try:
+                    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+                except Exception:
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+                if p.returncode != 0:
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+        except IOError:
+            raise AnsibleError("file or module does not exist at: %s" % in_path)
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from lxc to local '''
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.lxc)
+
+        in_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(in_path))
+        try:
+            p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd if=%s bs=%s' % (in_path, BUFSIZE))
+        except OSError:
+            raise AnsibleError("chroot connection requires dd command in the chroot")
+
+        with open(to_bytes(out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'wb+') as out_file:
+            try:
+                chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+                while chunk:
+                    out_file.write(chunk)
+                    chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+            except Exception:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/lxc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# (c) 2015, Joerg Thalheim <joerg@higgsboson.tk>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Joerg Thalheim <joerg@higgsboson.tk>
+    connection: lxc
+    short_description: Run tasks in lxc containers via lxc python library
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing lxc container using lxc python library
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - Container identifier
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_lxc_host
+      executable:
+        default: /bin/sh
+        description:
+            - Shell executable
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_executable
+            - name: ansible_lxc_executable
+'''
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import traceback
+import select
+import fcntl
+import errno
+
+HAS_LIBLXC = False
+try:
+    import lxc as _lxc
+    HAS_LIBLXC = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+from ansible import constants as C
+from ansible import errors
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_native
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local lxc based connections '''
+
+    transport = 'community.general.lxc'
+    has_pipelining = True
+    default_user = 'root'
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.container_name = self._play_context.remote_addr
+        self.container = None
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        ''' connect to the lxc; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+
+        if not HAS_LIBLXC:
+            msg = "lxc bindings for python2 are not installed"
+            raise errors.AnsibleError(msg)
+
+        if self.container:
+            return
+
+        self._display.vvv("THIS IS A LOCAL LXC DIR", host=self.container_name)
+        self.container = _lxc.Container(self.container_name)
+        if self.container.state == "STOPPED":
+            raise errors.AnsibleError("%s is not running" % self.container_name)
+
+    def _communicate(self, pid, in_data, stdin, stdout, stderr):
+        buf = {stdout: [], stderr: []}
+        read_fds = [stdout, stderr]
+        if in_data:
+            write_fds = [stdin]
+        else:
+            write_fds = []
+        while len(read_fds) > 0 or len(write_fds) > 0:
+            try:
+                ready_reads, ready_writes, _ = select.select(read_fds, write_fds, [])
+            except select.error as e:
+                if e.args[0] == errno.EINTR:
+                    continue
+                raise
+            for fd in ready_writes:
+                in_data = in_data[os.write(fd, in_data):]
+                if len(in_data) == 0:
+                    write_fds.remove(fd)
+            for fd in ready_reads:
+                data = os.read(fd, 32768)
+                if not data:
+                    read_fds.remove(fd)
+                buf[fd].append(data)
+
+        (pid, returncode) = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+
+        return returncode, b"".join(buf[stdout]), b"".join(buf[stderr])
+
+    def _set_nonblocking(self, fd):
+        flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL) | os.O_NONBLOCK
+        fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags)
+        return fd
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        ''' run a command on the chroot '''
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        # python2-lxc needs bytes. python3-lxc needs text.
+        executable = to_native(self._play_context.executable, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+        local_cmd = [executable, '-c', to_native(cmd, errors='surrogate_or_strict')]
+
+        read_stdout, write_stdout = None, None
+        read_stderr, write_stderr = None, None
+        read_stdin, write_stdin = None, None
+
+        try:
+            read_stdout, write_stdout = os.pipe()
+            read_stderr, write_stderr = os.pipe()
+
+            kwargs = {
+                'stdout': self._set_nonblocking(write_stdout),
+                'stderr': self._set_nonblocking(write_stderr),
+                'env_policy': _lxc.LXC_ATTACH_CLEAR_ENV
+            }
+
+            if in_data:
+                read_stdin, write_stdin = os.pipe()
+                kwargs['stdin'] = self._set_nonblocking(read_stdin)
+
+            self._display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (local_cmd), host=self.container_name)
+            pid = self.container.attach(_lxc.attach_run_command, local_cmd, **kwargs)
+            if pid == -1:
+                msg = "failed to attach to container %s" % self.container_name
+                raise errors.AnsibleError(msg)
+
+            write_stdout = os.close(write_stdout)
+            write_stderr = os.close(write_stderr)
+            if read_stdin:
+                read_stdin = os.close(read_stdin)
+
+            return self._communicate(pid,
+                                     in_data,
+                                     write_stdin,
+                                     read_stdout,
+                                     read_stderr)
+        finally:
+            fds = [read_stdout,
+                   write_stdout,
+                   read_stderr,
+                   write_stderr,
+                   read_stdin,
+                   write_stdin]
+            for fd in fds:
+                if fd:
+                    os.close(fd)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to lxc '''
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        self._display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.container_name)
+        in_path = to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+        out_path = to_bytes(out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+
+        if not os.path.exists(in_path):
+            msg = "file or module does not exist: %s" % in_path
+            raise errors.AnsibleFileNotFound(msg)
+        try:
+            src_file = open(in_path, "rb")
+        except IOError:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            raise errors.AnsibleError("failed to open input file to %s" % in_path)
+        try:
+            def write_file(args):
+                with open(out_path, 'wb+') as dst_file:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(src_file, dst_file)
+            try:
+                self.container.attach_wait(write_file, None)
+            except IOError:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                msg = "failed to transfer file to %s" % out_path
+                raise errors.AnsibleError(msg)
+        finally:
+            src_file.close()
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from lxc to local '''
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        self._display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.container_name)
+        in_path = to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+        out_path = to_bytes(out_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+
+        try:
+            dst_file = open(out_path, "wb")
+        except IOError:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            msg = "failed to open output file %s" % out_path
+            raise errors.AnsibleError(msg)
+        try:
+            def write_file(args):
+                try:
+                    with open(in_path, 'rb') as src_file:
+                        shutil.copyfileobj(src_file, dst_file)
+                finally:
+                    # this is needed in the lxc child process
+                    # to flush internal python buffers
+                    dst_file.close()
+            try:
+                self.container.attach_wait(write_file, None)
+            except IOError:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                msg = "failed to transfer file from %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path)
+                raise errors.AnsibleError(msg)
+        finally:
+            dst_file.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/lxd.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# (c) 2016 Matt Clay <matt@mystile.com>
+# (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Matt Clay <matt@mystile.com>
+    connection: lxd
+    short_description: Run tasks in lxc containers via lxc CLI
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing lxc container using lxc CLI
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - Container identifier
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_lxd_host
+      executable:
+        description:
+            - shell to use for execution inside container
+        default: /bin/sh
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_executable
+            - name: ansible_lxd_executable
+'''
+
+import os
+from distutils.spawn import find_executable
+from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
+
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError, AnsibleConnectionFailure, AnsibleFileNotFound
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_text
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    """ lxd based connections """
+
+    transport = 'community.general.lxd'
+    has_pipelining = True
+    default_user = 'root'
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self._host = self._play_context.remote_addr
+        self._lxc_cmd = find_executable("lxc")
+
+        if not self._lxc_cmd:
+            raise AnsibleError("lxc command not found in PATH")
+
+        if self._play_context.remote_user is not None and self._play_context.remote_user != 'root':
+            self._display.warning('lxd does not support remote_user, using container default: root')
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        """connect to lxd (nothing to do here) """
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+
+        if not self._connected:
+            self._display.vvv(u"ESTABLISH LXD CONNECTION FOR USER: root", host=self._host)
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=True):
+        """ execute a command on the lxd host """
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        self._display.vvv(u"EXEC {0}".format(cmd), host=self._host)
+
+        local_cmd = [self._lxc_cmd, "exec", self._host, "--", self._play_context.executable, "-c", cmd]
+
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+        in_data = to_bytes(in_data, errors='surrogate_or_strict', nonstring='passthru')
+
+        process = Popen(local_cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
+        stdout, stderr = process.communicate(in_data)
+
+        stdout = to_text(stdout)
+        stderr = to_text(stderr)
+
+        if stderr == "error: Container is not running.\n":
+            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure("container not running: %s" % self._host)
+
+        if stderr == "error: not found\n":
+            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure("container not found: %s" % self._host)
+
+        return process.returncode, stdout, stderr
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ put a file from local to lxd """
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+
+        self._display.vvv(u"PUT {0} TO {1}".format(in_path, out_path), host=self._host)
+
+        if not os.path.isfile(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict')):
+            raise AnsibleFileNotFound("input path is not a file: %s" % in_path)
+
+        local_cmd = [self._lxc_cmd, "file", "push", in_path, self._host + "/" + out_path]
+
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+
+        process = Popen(local_cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
+        process.communicate()
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ fetch a file from lxd to local """
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+
+        self._display.vvv(u"FETCH {0} TO {1}".format(in_path, out_path), host=self._host)
+
+        local_cmd = [self._lxc_cmd, "file", "pull", self._host + "/" + in_path, out_path]
+
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+
+        process = Popen(local_cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
+        process.communicate()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ close the connection (nothing to do here) """
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/oc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# Based on the docker connection plugin
+#
+# Connection plugin for configuring kubernetes containers with kubectl
+# (c) 2017, XuXinkun <xuxinkun@gmail.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Ansible
+#
+# Ansible is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Ansible is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Ansible.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author:
+        - xuxinkun
+
+    connection: oc
+
+    short_description: Execute tasks in pods running on OpenShift.
+
+    description:
+        - Use the oc exec command to run tasks in, or put/fetch files to, pods running on the OpenShift
+          container platform.
+
+
+    requirements:
+      - oc (go binary)
+
+    options:
+      oc_pod:
+        description:
+          - Pod name. Required when the host name does not match pod name.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_pod
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_POD
+      oc_container:
+        description:
+          - Container name. Required when a pod contains more than one container.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_container
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_CONTAINER
+      oc_namespace:
+        description:
+          - The namespace of the pod
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_namespace
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_NAMESPACE
+      oc_extra_args:
+        description:
+          - Extra arguments to pass to the oc command line.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_extra_args
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_EXTRA_ARGS
+      oc_kubeconfig:
+        description:
+          - Path to a oc config file. Defaults to I(~/.kube/conig)
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_kubeconfig
+          - name: ansible_oc_config
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_KUBECONFIG
+      oc_context:
+        description:
+          - The name of a context found in the K8s config file.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_context
+        env:
+          - name: k8S_AUTH_CONTEXT
+      oc_host:
+        description:
+          - URL for accessing the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_host
+          - name: ansible_oc_server
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_HOST
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_SERVER
+      oc_token:
+        description:
+          - API authentication bearer token.
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_token
+          - name: ansible_oc_api_key
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_TOKEN
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_API_KEY
+      client_cert:
+        description:
+          - Path to a certificate used to authenticate with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_cert_file
+          - name: ansible_oc_client_cert
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_CERT_FILE
+        aliases: [ oc_cert_file ]
+      client_key:
+        description:
+          - Path to a key file used to authenticate with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_key_file
+          - name: ansible_oc_client_key
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_KEY_FILE
+        aliases: [ oc_key_file ]
+      ca_cert:
+        description:
+          - Path to a CA certificate used to authenticate with the API.
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_ssl_ca_cert
+          - name: ansible_oc_ca_cert
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_SSL_CA_CERT
+        aliases: [ oc_ssl_ca_cert ]
+      validate_certs:
+        description:
+          - Whether or not to verify the API server's SSL certificate. Defaults to I(true).
+        default: ''
+        vars:
+          - name: ansible_oc_verify_ssl
+          - name: ansible_oc_validate_certs
+        env:
+          - name: K8S_AUTH_VERIFY_SSL
+        aliases: [ oc_verify_ssl ]
+'''
+
+from ansible_collections.community.general.plugins.connection.kubectl import Connection as KubectlConnection
+
+
+CONNECTION_TRANSPORT = 'oc'
+
+CONNECTION_OPTIONS = {
+    'oc_container': '-c',
+    'oc_namespace': '-n',
+    'oc_kubeconfig': '--config',
+    'oc_context': '--context',
+    'oc_host': '--server',
+    'client_cert': '--client-certificate',
+    'client_key': '--client-key',
+    'ca_cert': '--certificate-authority',
+    'validate_certs': '--insecure-skip-tls-verify',
+    'oc_token': '--token'
+}
+
+
+class Connection(KubectlConnection):
+    ''' Local oc based connections '''
+    transport = CONNECTION_TRANSPORT
+    connection_options = CONNECTION_OPTIONS
+    documentation = DOCUMENTATION

plugins/connection/qubes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# Based on the buildah connection plugin
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+#               2018 Kushal Das
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+#
+#
+# Written by: Kushal Das (https://github.com/kushaldas)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    connection: qubes
+    short_description: Interact with an existing QubesOS AppVM
+
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing Qubes AppVM using qubes tools.
+
+    author: Kushal Das (@kushaldas)
+
+
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - vm name
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+      remote_user:
+        description:
+            - The user to execute as inside the vm.
+        default: The *user* account as default in Qubes OS.
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_user
+#        keyword:
+#            - name: hosts
+'''
+
+import shlex
+import shutil
+
+import os
+import base64
+import subprocess
+
+import ansible.constants as C
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_native
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, ensure_connect
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleConnectionFailure
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+# this _has to be_ named Connection
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    """This is a connection plugin for qubes: it uses qubes-run-vm binary to interact with the containers."""
+
+    # String used to identify this Connection class from other classes
+    transport = 'community.general.qubes'
+    has_pipelining = True
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self._remote_vmname = self._play_context.remote_addr
+        self._connected = False
+        # Default username in Qubes
+        self.user = "user"
+        if self._play_context.remote_user:
+            self.user = self._play_context.remote_user
+
+    def _qubes(self, cmd=None, in_data=None, shell="qubes.VMShell"):
+        """run qvm-run executable
+
+        :param cmd: cmd string for remote system
+        :param in_data: data passed to qvm-run-vm's stdin
+        :return: return code, stdout, stderr
+        """
+        display.vvvv("CMD: ", cmd)
+        if not cmd.endswith("\n"):
+            cmd = cmd + "\n"
+        local_cmd = []
+
+        # For dom0
+        local_cmd.extend(["qvm-run", "--pass-io", "--service"])
+        if self.user != "user":
+            # Means we have a remote_user value
+            local_cmd.extend(["-u", self.user])
+
+        local_cmd.append(self._remote_vmname)
+
+        local_cmd.append(shell)
+
+        local_cmd = [to_bytes(i, errors='surrogate_or_strict') for i in local_cmd]
+
+        display.vvvv("Local cmd: ", local_cmd)
+
+        display.vvv("RUN %s" % (local_cmd,), host=self._remote_vmname)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(local_cmd, shell=False, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        # Here we are writing the actual command to the remote bash
+        p.stdin.write(to_bytes(cmd, errors='surrogate_or_strict'))
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(input=in_data)
+        return p.returncode, stdout, stderr
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        """No persistent connection is being maintained."""
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        self._connected = True
+
+    @ensure_connect
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        """Run specified command in a running QubesVM """
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        display.vvvv("CMD IS: %s" % cmd)
+
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self._qubes(cmd)
+
+        display.vvvvv("STDOUT %r STDERR %r" % (stderr, stderr))
+        return rc, stdout, stderr
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """ Place a local file located in 'in_path' inside VM at 'out_path' """
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self._remote_vmname)
+
+        with open(in_path, "rb") as fobj:
+            source_data = fobj.read()
+
+        retcode, dummy, dummy = self._qubes('cat > "{0}"\n'.format(out_path), source_data, "qubes.VMRootShell")
+        # if qubes.VMRootShell service not supported, fallback to qubes.VMShell and
+        # hope it will have appropriate permissions
+        if retcode == 127:
+            retcode, dummy, dummy = self._qubes('cat > "{0}"\n'.format(out_path), source_data)
+
+        if retcode != 0:
+            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure('Failed to put_file to {0}'.format(out_path))
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        """Obtain file specified via 'in_path' from the container and place it at 'out_path' """
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self._remote_vmname)
+
+        # We are running in dom0
+        cmd_args_list = ["qvm-run", "--pass-io", self._remote_vmname, "cat {0}".format(in_path)]
+        with open(out_path, "wb") as fobj:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd_args_list, shell=False, stdout=fobj)
+            p.communicate()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleConnectionFailure('Failed to fetch file to {0}'.format(out_path))
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Closing the connection """
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False

plugins/connection/saltstack.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Based on local.py (c) 2012, Michael DeHaan <michael.dehaan@gmail.com>
+# Based on chroot.py (c) 2013, Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+# Based on func.py
+# (c) 2014, Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+# (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Michael Scherer (@mscherer) <misc@zarb.org>
+    connection: saltstack
+    short_description: Allow ansible to piggyback on salt minions
+    description:
+        - This allows you to use existing Saltstack infrastructure to connect to targets.
+'''
+
+import re
+import os
+import pty
+import subprocess
+
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import cPickle
+
+HAVE_SALTSTACK = False
+try:
+    import salt.client as sc
+    HAVE_SALTSTACK = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+import os
+from ansible import errors
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Salt-based connections '''
+
+    has_pipelining = False
+    # while the name of the product is salt, naming that module salt cause
+    # trouble with module import
+    transport = 'community.general.saltstack'
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.host = self._play_context.remote_addr
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        if not HAVE_SALTSTACK:
+            raise errors.AnsibleError("saltstack is not installed")
+
+        self.client = sc.LocalClient()
+        self._connected = True
+        return self
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, sudoable=False, in_data=None):
+        ''' run a command on the remote minion '''
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        if in_data:
+            raise errors.AnsibleError("Internal Error: this module does not support optimized module pipelining")
+
+        self._display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (cmd), host=self.host)
+        # need to add 'true;' to work around https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/28077
+        res = self.client.cmd(self.host, 'cmd.exec_code_all', ['bash', 'true;' + cmd])
+        if self.host not in res:
+            raise errors.AnsibleError("Minion %s didn't answer, check if salt-minion is running and the name is correct" % self.host)
+
+        p = res[self.host]
+        return (p['retcode'], p['stdout'], p['stderr'])
+
+    def _normalize_path(self, path, prefix):
+        if not path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, path)
+        normpath = os.path.normpath(path)
+        return os.path.join(prefix, normpath[1:])
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to remote '''
+
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+
+        out_path = self._normalize_path(out_path, '/')
+        self._display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.host)
+        with open(in_path) as in_fh:
+            content = in_fh.read()
+        self.client.cmd(self.host, 'file.write', [out_path, content])
+
+    # TODO test it
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from remote to local '''
+
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+
+        in_path = self._normalize_path(in_path, '/')
+        self._display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.host)
+        content = self.client.cmd(self.host, 'cp.get_file_str', [in_path])[self.host]
+        open(out_path, 'wb').write(content)
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        pass

plugins/connection/zone.py

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+# Based on local.py (c) 2012, Michael DeHaan <michael.dehaan@gmail.com>
+# and chroot.py     (c) 2013, Maykel Moya <mmoya@speedyrails.com>
+# and jail.py       (c) 2013, Michael Scherer <misc@zarb.org>
+# (c) 2015, Dagobert Michelsen <dam@baltic-online.de>
+# (c) 2015, Toshio Kuratomi <tkuratomi@ansible.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ansible Project
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = '''
+    author: Ansible Core Team
+    connection: zone
+    short_description: Run tasks in a zone instance
+    description:
+        - Run commands or put/fetch files to an existing zone
+    options:
+      remote_addr:
+        description:
+            - Zone identifier
+        default: inventory_hostname
+        vars:
+            - name: ansible_host
+            - name: ansible_zone_host
+'''
+
+import distutils.spawn
+import os
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import traceback
+
+from ansible import constants as C
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import shlex_quote
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes
+from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase, BUFSIZE
+from ansible.utils.display import Display
+
+display = Display()
+
+
+class Connection(ConnectionBase):
+    ''' Local zone based connections '''
+
+    transport = 'community.general.zone'
+    has_pipelining = True
+    has_tty = False
+
+    def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.zone = self._play_context.remote_addr
+
+        if os.geteuid() != 0:
+            raise AnsibleError("zone connection requires running as root")
+
+        self.zoneadm_cmd = to_bytes(self._search_executable('zoneadm'))
+        self.zlogin_cmd = to_bytes(self._search_executable('zlogin'))
+
+        if self.zone not in self.list_zones():
+            raise AnsibleError("incorrect zone name %s" % self.zone)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _search_executable(executable):
+        cmd = distutils.spawn.find_executable(executable)
+        if not cmd:
+            raise AnsibleError("%s command not found in PATH" % executable)
+        return cmd
+
+    def list_zones(self):
+        process = subprocess.Popen([self.zoneadm_cmd, 'list', '-ip'],
+                                   stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                   stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        zones = []
+        for l in process.stdout.readlines():
+            # 1:work:running:/zones/work:3126dc59-9a07-4829-cde9-a816e4c5040e:native:shared
+            s = l.split(':')
+            if s[1] != 'global':
+                zones.append(s[1])
+
+        return zones
+
+    def get_zone_path(self):
+        # solaris10vm# zoneadm -z cswbuild list -p
+        # -:cswbuild:installed:/zones/cswbuild:479f3c4b-d0c6-e97b-cd04-fd58f2c0238e:native:shared
+        process = subprocess.Popen([self.zoneadm_cmd, '-z', to_bytes(self.zone), 'list', '-p'],
+                                   stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                   stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        # stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+        path = process.stdout.readlines()[0].split(':')[3]
+        return path + '/root'
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        ''' connect to the zone; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self)._connect()
+        if not self._connected:
+            display.vvv("THIS IS A LOCAL ZONE DIR", host=self.zone)
+            self._connected = True
+
+    def _buffered_exec_command(self, cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE):
+        ''' run a command on the zone.  This is only needed for implementing
+        put_file() get_file() so that we don't have to read the whole file
+        into memory.
+
+        compared to exec_command() it looses some niceties like being able to
+        return the process's exit code immediately.
+        '''
+        # NOTE: zlogin invokes a shell (just like ssh does) so we do not pass
+        # this through /bin/sh -c here.  Instead it goes through the shell
+        # that zlogin selects.
+        local_cmd = [self.zlogin_cmd, self.zone, cmd]
+        local_cmd = map(to_bytes, local_cmd)
+
+        display.vvv("EXEC %s" % (local_cmd), host=self.zone)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(local_cmd, shell=False, stdin=stdin,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+        return p
+
+    def exec_command(self, cmd, in_data=None, sudoable=False):
+        ''' run a command on the zone '''
+        super(Connection, self).exec_command(cmd, in_data=in_data, sudoable=sudoable)
+
+        p = self._buffered_exec_command(cmd)
+
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(in_data)
+        return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+    def _prefix_login_path(self, remote_path):
+        ''' Make sure that we put files into a standard path
+
+            If a path is relative, then we need to choose where to put it.
+            ssh chooses $HOME but we aren't guaranteed that a home dir will
+            exist in any given chroot.  So for now we're choosing "/" instead.
+            This also happens to be the former default.
+
+            Can revisit using $HOME instead if it's a problem
+        '''
+        if not remote_path.startswith(os.path.sep):
+            remote_path = os.path.join(os.path.sep, remote_path)
+        return os.path.normpath(remote_path)
+
+    def put_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' transfer a file from local to zone '''
+        super(Connection, self).put_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("PUT %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.zone)
+
+        out_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(out_path))
+        try:
+            with open(in_path, 'rb') as in_file:
+                if not os.fstat(in_file.fileno()).st_size:
+                    count = ' count=0'
+                else:
+                    count = ''
+                try:
+                    p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd of=%s bs=%s%s' % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count), stdin=in_file)
+                except OSError:
+                    raise AnsibleError("jail connection requires dd command in the jail")
+                try:
+                    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+                except Exception:
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+                if p.returncode != 0:
+                    raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+        except IOError:
+            raise AnsibleError("file or module does not exist at: %s" % in_path)
+
+    def fetch_file(self, in_path, out_path):
+        ''' fetch a file from zone to local '''
+        super(Connection, self).fetch_file(in_path, out_path)
+        display.vvv("FETCH %s TO %s" % (in_path, out_path), host=self.zone)
+
+        in_path = shlex_quote(self._prefix_login_path(in_path))
+        try:
+            p = self._buffered_exec_command('dd if=%s bs=%s' % (in_path, BUFSIZE))
+        except OSError:
+            raise AnsibleError("zone connection requires dd command in the zone")
+
+        with open(out_path, 'wb+') as out_file:
+            try:
+                chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+                while chunk:
+                    out_file.write(chunk)
+                    chunk = p.stdout.read(BUFSIZE)
+            except Exception:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s" % (in_path, out_path))
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file %s to %s:\n%s\n%s" % (in_path, out_path, stdout, stderr))
+
+    def close(self):
+        ''' terminate the connection; nothing to do here '''
+        super(Connection, self).close()
+        self._connected = False